IONOSPHERE RESPONSE TO THE IMPACT OF AN EXTRAORDINARY RADIO WAVE WHEN LOCATED AT A FREQUENCY CLOSE TO THE HEATING FREQUENCY
Abstract and keywords
Abstract (English):
The paper presents the results of experiments on the impact of powerful high-frequency radio emission from the SURA mid-latitude heating facility (56.1° N, 46.1° E) on Earth's ionosphere. The disturbance in the ionosphere was created by a radio wave of extraordinary polarization under conditions when the ordinary component of the powerful wave was not reflected by the ionosphere. The sounding of the disturbed region was carried out with a probe radio wave of the same polarization at a frequency higher than the heating frequency by 228–400 kHz. During the impact on the ionosphere, a weak scattered signal with an amplitude 40–60 dB lower than the amplitude of the specular reflection signal from the F-region was received from the height of reflection of the powerful radio wave. This means that the artificial disturbance of the plasma density occurred in the region of reflection of the powerful radio wave of extraordinary polarization. Possible causes of the disturbance are discussed.

Keywords:
ionosphere, plasma, high-frequency heating, sounding with a probe radio wave, artificial periodic irregularities, SURA heating facility
Text
Text (PDF): Read Download
References

1. Bakhmet’eva N.V., Belikovich V.V. Results of studying the sporadic E layer by the method of resonant scattering of radio waves by artificial periodic inhomogeneities of the ionospheric plasma. Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics. 2008, vol. 51, no. 11, pp. 862–873. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11141-009-9092-4.

2. Bakhmetieva N.V., Grigoriev G.I. Study of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere by the method of creating artificial periodic irregularities of the ionospheric plasma. Atmosphere. 2022, vol. 13, no. 9, p. 1346. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13091346.

3. Bakhmet’eva N.V., Belikovich V.V., Kagan L.M., Ponyatov A.A. Sunset-sunrise characteristics of sporadic layers of ionization in the lower ionosphere observed by the method of resonance scattering of radio waves from artificial periodic inhomogeneities of the ionospheric plasma. Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics. 2005, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 14–28.

4. Bakhmet’eva N.V., Belikovich V.V. Modification of the Earth’s ionosphere by high-power HF radio emission: Artificial periodic inhomogeneities and the sporadic E layer. Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics. 2007, vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 633–644. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11141-007-0055-3.

5. Bakhmetieva N.V., Grigoriev G.I., Zhemyakov I.N., Kalinina E.E., Lisov A.A. Features of Earth’s lower ionosphere during solar eclipse and sunset and sunrise hours according to measurements by the API method near Nizhny Novgorod. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 2024, vol. 10, iss. 3, pp. 121–136. DOI:https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-103202414.

6. Belikovich V.V., Benediktov E.A., Getmantsev G.G., Ignat’ev Yu.A., Komrakov G.P. Scattering of radio waves from the artificially perturbed F region of the ionosphere. JETF Letters. 1975, vol. 22, iss. 10, pp. 497–499.

7. Belikovich V.V., Benediktov E.A., Tolmacheva A.V., Bakhmet’eva N.V. Issledovanie ionosfery s pomoshch’yu iskusstvennykh periodicheskikh neodnorodnostei [Research of the ionosphere by means of artificial periodic irregularities]. Nizhny Novgorod, Institute of Applied Physics RAS Publ., 1999, 155 p. (In Russian).

8. Belikovich V.V., Benediktov E.A., Tolmacheva A.V., Bakhmet’eva N.V. Ionospheric Research by Means of Artificial Periodic Irregularities. Katlenburg-Lindau, Copernicus GmbH, 2002, 160 p.

9. Belikovich V.V., Vyakhirev V.D., Kalinina E.E., Tereshshenko V.D., Ogloblina O.F., Tereshshenko V.A. Study of the ionospheric D layer using partial reflections at the middle latitudes and in the auroral zone. Radiophysics and Quantum Electronic. 2003, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 162–171. DOI: 10.1023/ A:024464016629.

10. Belikovich V.V., Grach S.M., Karashtin A.N., Kotik D.S., Tokarev Yu.V. The “Sura” facility: Study of the atmosphere and space (a review). Radiophysics and Quantum Electronic. 2007, vol. 50, no. 7, pp. 497–526. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11141-007-0046-4.

11. Blagoveshchenskaya N.F. Geofizicheskie effekty aktivnykh vozdeistvii v okolozemnom kosmicheskom prostranstve [Geophysical effects of active influences in near-Earth space]. St. Petersburg, Gidrometeoizdat, 2001, 287 p. (In Russian).

12. Blagoveshchenskaya N.F. Multi-instrumental studies of phenomena in the high latitudinal ionosphere initiated by powerful HF radio waves: Results and outlook. Problemy Arktiki i Antarktiki [Problems of the Arctic and Antarctic]. 2010, vol. 84, no. 1, pp. 81–98. (In Russian).

13. Blagoveshchenskaya N.F. Perturbing the high-latitude upper ionosphere (F region) with powerful HF radio waves: A 25-year collaboration with EISCAT. URSI Radio Science Bulletin. 2020, vol. 373, pp. 40–55. DOI:https://doi.org/10.23919/URSIRSB.2020.9318436.

14. Blagoveshchenskaya N.F., Borisova T.D., Kalishin A.S., Kayatkin V.N., Yeoman T.K. Comparison of the effects induced by the ordinary (O-mode) and extraordinary (X-mode) polarized powerful HF radio waves in the high-latitude ionospheric F region. Cosmic Res. 2018, vol. 56, pp. 11–25. DOI:https://doi.org/10.7868/S002342061801003X.

15. Blagoveshchenskaya N.F., Borisova T.D., Kalishin A.S., Yeoman T.K., Schmelev Y.A., Leonenko E.E. Characterization of artificial, small-scale, ionospheric irregularities in the high-latitude F region induced by high-power, high-frequency radio waves of extraordinary polarization. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 2019, vol. 59, no. 6, pp. 759–773. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1134/s0016793219060045.

16. Blagoveshchenskaya N.F., Borisova T.D., Kalishin A.S., Yeoman T.K., Häggström I. Distinctive features of Langmuir and ion-acoustic turbulences induced by O- and X-mode HF pumping at EISCAT. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2020, vol. 125, no. 7, e2020JA028203. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028203.

17. Blagoveshchenskaya N.F., Borisova T.D., Kalishin A.S., Egorov I.M., Zagorskiy G.A. Disturbances of electron density in the high latitude upper (F-region) ionosphere induced by X-mode HF pump waves from EISCAT UHF radar observations. Arctic and Antarctic Research. 2022, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 248–257. DOI:https://doi.org/10.30758/0555-2648-2022-68-3-248-257.

18. Borisova T.D., Blagoveshchenskaya N.F., Kalishin A.S. Features of artificial ionosphere turbulence induced by the O- and X-mode HF heating near the F2-layer critical frequency. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 2023, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 21–30. DOI:https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-91202303.

19. Brunelli B.E., Namgaladze A.A. Fizika ionosfery [Physics of the ionosphere]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1988, 528 p. (In Russian).

20. Danilov A.D., Vlasov M.N. Fotokhimiya ionizovannykh i vozbuzhdennykh chastits v nizhnei ionosfere [Photochemistry of ionized and excited particles in the lower ionosphere]. Leningrad, Gidrometeoizdat, 1973, 190 p. (In Russian).

21. Frolov V.L. Spatial structure of plasma density perturbations, induced in the ionosphere modified by powerful HF radio waves: Review of experimental results. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 2015, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 22–48. DOI:https://doi.org/10.12737/10383.

22. Frolov V.L. Iskusstvennaya turbulentnost’ sredneshirotnoi ionosfery [Artificial turbulence of the mid-latitude ionosphere]. Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod University Publ., 2017, 468 p. (In Russian).

23. Frolov V.L., Bakhmet’eva N.V., Belikovich V.V., Vertogradov G.G., Vertogradov V.G., Komrakov G.P., Kotik D.S., et al. Modification of the Earth's ionosphere by high-power high-frequency radio waves. Physics-Uspekhi. 2007, vol. 50, iss. 3, pp. 315–324. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1070/PU2007v050n03ABEH006282.

24. Frolov V.L., Bolotin I.A., Komrakov G.P., Pershin A.V., Vertogradov G.G., Vertogradov V.G., Vertogradov E.G., et al. Generation of artificial ionospheric irregularities in the Earth’s midlatitude ionosphere affected by high-power high-frequency X-mode radio waves. Radiophysics and Quantum Electronic. 2014, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 437–463. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11141-014-9523-8.

25. Gershman B.N., Ignatiev Yu.A. Theory of formation of sporadic E layer and irregularities arising in it. Ionosfernye issledovaniya [Ionospheric Research]. 1997, no. 50, pp. 7–28. (In Russian).

26. Ginzburg V.L. Rasprostranenie elektromagnitnykh voln v plazme [Propagation of electromagnetic waves in plasma]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1967, 683 p. (In Russian).

27. Ginzburg V.L., Gurevich A.V. Nonlinear phenomena in plasma. Physics–Uspekhi. 1960, vol. 3, iss. 1, pp. 115–146. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1070/PU1960v003n01ABEH003261.

28. Grach S.M., Sergeev E.N., Mishin E.V., Shindin A.V. Dynamic properties of ionospheric plasma turbulence driven by high-power high-frequency radiowaves. Physics-Uspekhi. 2016, vol. 59, no. 11, pp. 1091–1128. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3367/UFNe.2016.07.037868.

29. Gurevich A.V. Modern problems of ionospheric modification. Radiophysics and Quantum Electronic. 1999, vol. 42, no. 7, pp. 599–606. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02677558.

30. Gurevich A.V. Nonlinear effects in the ionosphere. Physics-Uspekhi. 2007, vol. 50, pp. 1091–1121. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1070/pu2007v050n11abeh006212.

31. Gurevich A.V., Shvartsburg A.B. Nelineinaya teoriya rasprostraneniya radiovoln v ionosfere [Nonlinear theory of radio wave propagation in the ionosphere]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1973, 272 p. (In Russian).

32. Gurevich A.V., Zybin K.P., Carlson H.C., Pedersen T. Magnetic zenith effect in ionospheric modifications. Phys. Lett. A. 2002, vol. 305, no. 5, pp. 264–274. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9601(02)01450-0.

33. Ignatiev Yu.A. Influence of heating of the ionosphere by high-power radio emission on the sporadic E layer. Radiophysics and Quantum Electronic. 1975, vol. 18, no. 9, pp. 1010–1013. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01038198.

34. Mityakov N.A., Grach S.M., Mityakov S.N. Disturbance of the ionosphere by powerful radio waves. Itogi nauki i tekkhniki. Seriya “Geomagnetizm i vysokie sloi atmosfery” [Results of Science and Technology. Series “Geomagnetism and High Atmosphere Layers”]. Moscow, Russian Institute for Scientific and Technical Information RAS, 1989, vol. 9, 138 p. (In Russian).

35. Kalishin A.S., Blagoveshchenskaya N.F., Borisova T.D., Yeoman T.K. Ion gyro-harmonic structures in stimulated emission excited by X-mode high power HF radio waves at EISCAT. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2021, vol. 126, no. 8, e2020JA028989. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028989.

36. Kelley M. C. The Earth’s Ionosphere: Plasma Physics and Electrodynamics. Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier, 2009, 556 p.

37. Kuo S. Linear and nonlinear plasma processes in ionospheric HF heating. Plasma. 2021, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 108–144. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/plasma4010008.

38. Leyser T.B. Stimulated electromagnetic emissions by high-frequency electromagnetic pumping of the ionospheric plasma. Space Sci. Rev. 2001, vol. 98, no. 3-4, pp. 223–328. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013875603938.

39. Pedersen T.R., McCarrick M., Selcher E., Selcher C., Sentman D., Carlson H., Gurevich A. Magnetic zenith enhancement of HF radio-induced airglow production at HAARP. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2003, vol. 30, no. 4, 1169. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016096.

40. Rietveld M.T., Kohl H., Kopka H., Stubbe P. Introduction to ionospheric heating at Tromso. I. Experimental overview. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 1993, vol. 55, no. 4/5, pp. 577–599. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(93)90007-L.

41. Rietveld M.T., Senior A., Markkanen J., Westman A. New capabilities of the upgraded EISCAT high-power HF facility. Radio Sci. 2016, vol. 51, no. 9, pp. 1533–1546. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/2016RS006093.

42. Streltsov A.V., Berthelier J.-J., Chernyshov A.A., Frolov V.L., Honary F., Kosch M.J., McCoy R.P., et al. Past, present and future of active radio frequency experiments in space. Space Sci. Rev. 2018, vol. 214, 118. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-018-0549-7.

43. Stubbe P., Hagfors T. The Earth’s ionosphere: A wall-less plasma laboratory. Surveys in Geophysics. 1997, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 57–127. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006583101811.

44. Vas’kov V.V., Gurevich A.V. Parametric excitation of langmuir oscillations in the ionosphere in a field of powerful radio waves. Radiophysics and Quantum Electronic. 1973, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 138–145. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01033319.

45. Vas’kov V.V., Gurevich A.V. Nonlinear resonant instability of a plasma in the field of an ordinary electromagnetic wave. JETP. 1975a, vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 91-97.

46. Vas’kov V.V., Gurevich A.V. Plasma stratification in the ionospheric region of strong radio-wave reflection. Radiophysics and Quantum Electronic. 1975b, vol. 18, no. 9, pp. 929–938. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01038187.

47. Vas’kov V.V., Gurevich A.V. Self-focusing and resonance instabilities in the F-region of the ionosphere.Teplovye nelineinye yavleniya v plazme [Thermal nonlinear phenomena in plasma]. Gorky, IAP USSR Academy of Sciences, 1979, pp. 81–138. (In Russian).

48. Vas’kov V.V., Ryabova N.A. Excitation of short-wave oscillations in the ionospheric plasma by the field of a high-power radio wave with extraordinary polarization due to induced scattering by ions. Radiophysics and Quantum Electronic. 1997, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 357–370. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02676200.

49. Utlaut W.F., Cohen R. Modifying the ionosphere with intense radio waves. Science. 1971, vol. 245, pp. 245–254. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1126/science.174.4006.245.

Login or Create
* Forgot password?