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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Clinical Medicine and Pharmacology</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Clinical Medicine and Pharmacology</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Клиническая медицина и фармакология</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2409-3750</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">99855</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/2409-3750-2025-11-1-2-13</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Обзоры</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>reviews</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Обзоры</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">MODERN ASPECTS OF DIAGNOSTICS  RECTAL CANCER (literature review)</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ДИАГНОСТИКИ  РАКА ПРЯМОЙ КИШКИ  (обзор литературы)</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Гусейнов</surname>
       <given-names>Ариф Зиядович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Guseynov</surname>
       <given-names>Arif Ziyadovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Гусейнов</surname>
       <given-names>Т. А.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Guseynov</surname>
       <given-names>T. A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Тульский государственный университет</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Тульский государственный университет</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Тульский государственный университет</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Tula State University</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-17T08:42:38+03:00">
    <day>17</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-17T08:42:38+03:00">
    <day>17</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>11</volume>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <fpage>2</fpage>
   <lpage>13</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-16T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>16</day>
     <month>06</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/99855/view">https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/99855/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Современная диагностика рака прямой кишки (РПК) включает стандартные и специальные методы обследования и тесты. &#13;
По-прежнему информативно физикальное обследование пациентов при подозрении на РПК со сбором анамнеза и осмотра, включающего пальцевое ректальное исследование.&#13;
Диагностическая специфичность онкомаркеров РЭА и CA 19-9 в диагностике РПК ограничена, определение онкомаркера SCC в силу специфичности достаточно информативно в диагностике плоскоклеточного РПК.&#13;
Основным методом диагностики РПК является эндоскопическое исследование – колоноскопия или ректоскопия с биопсией.&#13;
В выявлении раннего РПК чувствительность и специфичность эндоскопического метода возрастает при использовании таких методов, как увеличительная эндоскопия, узкоспектральная эндоскопия,                   хромоэндоскопия, флуоресцентная диагностика.&#13;
Для оценки распространенности опухолевого процесса применяются МРТ, КТ с внутривенным контрастированием, в частности КТ-колонография.&#13;
Отмечается прогресс исследований с применением искусственного интеллекта на основе МРТ в оценке стадии, прогнозирования факторов высокого риска, генотипирования, ответа на терапию, рецидива, метастазирования, прогноза при РПК.&#13;
Достаточно информации дает трансабдоминальное УЗИ органов брюшной полости, трансректальное и эндоректальное УЗИ, при необходимости дополненное эластографией.&#13;
Выполнение ПЭТ-КТ показано при подозрении на метастазы по данным КТ или МРТ в случаях, когда их подтверждение принципиально меняет тактику лечения. Кроме того, ПЭТ-КТ в основном используется для оценки результатов противоопухолевого лечения.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Modern diagnosis of rectal cancer (RC) includes standard and special examination methods and tests. &#13;
A physical examination of patients with suspected RC with anamnesis and examination, including a finger rectal examination, is still informative.&#13;
The diagnostic specificity of the CEA and CA 19-9 cancer markers in the diagnosis of RC is limited; the definition of the SCC cancer marker, due to its specificity, is quite informative in the diagnosis of squamous cell RC.&#13;
The main method of diagnosis of RC is endoscopic examination – colonoscopy or rectoscopy with biopsy.&#13;
In detecting early RC, the sensitivity and specificity of the endoscopic method increases with the use of methods such as magnifying endoscopy, narrow-spectrum endoscopy, chromoendoscopy, and fluorescence diagnostics.&#13;
To assess the prevalence of the tumor process, MRI, CT with intravenous contrast, in particular CT colonography, are used.&#13;
There has been progress in research using artificial intelligence based on MRI in assessing the stage, predicting high-risk factors, genotyping, response to therapy, recurrence, metastasis, and prognosis in RC.&#13;
Transabdominal ultrasound of the abdominal organs, transrectal and endorectal ultrasound, supplemented with elastography, if necessary, provides sufficient information.&#13;
PET-CT is indicated for suspected metastases based on CT or MRI data in cases where their confirmation fundamentally changes treatment tactics. In addition, PET-CT is mainly used to evaluate the results of antitumor treatment.&#13;
The results of a molecular genetic study influence the choice of targeted therapy for a predominantly metastatic process in RC.&#13;
Indicators of detection and accurate staging of early RC can be improved using endoscopic optical assessment and imaging techniques such as high-resolution MRI, contrast-enhanced endocrine ultrasound and PET-CT.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>рак прямой кишки</kwd>
    <kwd>эндоскопическое исследование</kwd>
    <kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd>
    <kwd>ультразвуковое исследование</kwd>
    <kwd>позитронно-эмиссионная томография</kwd>
    <kwd>лабораторные методы.</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>rectal cancer</kwd>
    <kwd>endoscopic examination</kwd>
    <kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd>
    <kwd>ultrasound</kwd>
    <kwd>positron emission tomography</kwd>
    <kwd>laboratory methods.</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
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