Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Humanities and Social Sciences Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Humanities and Social Sciences Вестник Кемеровского государственного университета. Серия: Гуманитарные и общественные науки 2542-1840 2541-9145 98572 10.21603/2542-1840-2025-9-3-337-351 ddlojo Междисциплинарные исследования когнитивных процессов Interdisciplinary Cognitive Studies Междисциплинарные исследования когнитивных процессов Longitudinal EEG Research on Typically Developed Populations: A Review Лонгитюдные исследования нейротипичного развития с использованием ЭЭГ: обзор зарубежных исследований Павлова Анна Андреевна Pavlova Anna Andreevna anna5195@yandex.ru Высшая школа экономики Moscow Россия National Research University Higher School of Economics Moscow Russian Federation 30 09 2025 30 09 2025 9 3 337 351 08 05 2025 04 07 2025 https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/98572/view

В статье впервые обобщаются результаты лонгитюдных ЭЭГ-исследований, проведенных на нейро­типичных популяциях. Цель – выявить ключевые направления лонгитюдных ЭЭГ-исследований на нейро­типичных популяциях, малоисследованные аспекты, а также обобщить основные результаты в рамках каждого из направлений. В результате выявлено 4 основных направления исследований: возрастные изменения ЭЭГ, изменения ЭЭГ после воздействия, ЭЭГ-предикторы социально-эмоциональной сферы, ЭЭГ-предикторы когнитивных навыков. В исследованиях возрастных изменений ЭЭГ описывается снижение апериодической активности мозга в младенческом возрасте, а также снижение активности на низких частотах (дельта- и тета-диапазоны) и повышение активности на высоких частотах (альфа- и бета-диапазоны) как в покое, так и во время сна в детском и подростковом возрасте. В исследованиях изменения ЭЭГ после воздействия подчеркивается влияние медитаций и тренингов осознанности на функционирование мозга (снижение числа и мощности микросостояний) и поведенческие характеристики (повышение стрессо­устойчивости и осознанности). В исследованиях социально-эмоциональной сферы раскрывается важность асимметрии активации во фронтальных долях (большая активация в правом полушарии) как предиктора ряда неадаптивных поведенческих черт – общей и социальной тревожности, стеснительности, предпочтения стратегий избегания. Особенно выражена эта связь для лиц, имеющих поведенческие предрасположенности к развитию данных признаков. В исследованиях когнитивных навыков сообщается о большей локализации нейронной активации в ответ на задачу у детей старшего возраста, что связано с улучшением выполнения заданий по мере взросления. Высокая синхронизация различных ритмов также связана с высокими когнитивными способностями у детей и взрослых. Сделан вывод о необходимости проведения лонгитюдных ЭЭГ-исследований, посвященных развитию когнитивных навыков у подростков.

This review provides the first comprehensive summary of longitudinal electroencephalographic (EEG) studies conducted on neurotypical populations. The objective was to identify the key areas of longitudinal EEG studies in neurotypical populations, define the understudied aspects, and summarize the main results in each area. The review revealed four primary research directions: (1) developmental changes in EEG, (2) EEG changes following interventions, (3) EEG predictors of socio-emotional functioning, (3) EEG predictors of cognitive abilities. The key developmental EEG changes included a decrease in aperiodic brain activity during infancy, as well as a reduction in low-frequency activity (delta and theta bands) and an increase in high-frequency activity (alpha and beta bands) during rest and sleep in childhood and adolescence. The studies on post-intervention changes highlighted the impact of meditation and mindfulness training on brain functioning (reduced occurrence and power of microstates) and behavioral characteristics (increased stress resilience and mindfulness). The publications on the socio-emotional domain emphasized the importance of frontal asymmetry (greater activation in the right hemisphere) as a predictor of maladaptive behavioral traits, such as general and social anxiety, shyness, and a preference for avoidance strategies. This correlation was reported as typical of individuals with behavioral predispositions to the abovementioned traits. Cognitive studies demonstrated a greater localization of neural activation in response to tasks in older children, which correlated with improved task performance. The high synchronization of various rhythms was also associated with superior cognitive abilities in both children and adults. The review revealed a gap in longitudinal EEG research focused on the development of cognitive skills in teenagers.

 ЭЭГ лонгитюдные исследования возрастные изменения когнитивные навыки личностные черты EEG longitude developmental changes cognitive skills personality traits

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