Forestry Engineering Journal Forestry Engineering Journal Лесотехнический журнал 2222-7962 82027 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/23 РусДендро-2023 RusDendro-2023 РусДендро-2023 Miyake events: a review of the state-of-the-art События Мияке: обзор современного состояния исследований Хантемиров Рашит Мигатович Hantemirov Rashit Migatovich rashit@ipae.uran.ru

доктор биологических наук;

doctor of sciences in biology;

 Институт экологии растений и животных УрО РАН Екатеринбург Россия Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences Ekaterinburg Russian Federation Уральский федеральный университет Екатеринбург Россия Ural Federal University Ekaterinburg Russian Federation 17 04 2024 17 04 2024 13 4 174 211 03 11 2023 24 11 2023 http://lestehjournal.ru/en/journal/2023/no-4-52-ch-2/miyake-events-review-state-art

Событие Мияке – это быстрый и значительный рост содержания радиоуглерода в атмосфере Земли. Впервые такое событие описали японские исследователи из университета Нагои, используя в качестве индикатора древесные кольца. Они обнаружили скачок радиоактивного изотопа углерода в кольце 775 года по сравнению с кольцом 774 года. Впоследствии все такие события стали называть по имени первого автора основополагающей статьи. К настоящему времени обнаружено пять событий Мияке: около 12350 г. до н.э., в 7176 и 5259 г. до н.э., в 775 и 993 г. н.э. Менее выражены и требуют подтверждения события 5410 г. до н.э., 1052 и 1279 г. н.э. Среди возможных причин резкого увеличения содержания радиоуглерода в атмосфере предполагались падение кометы на Землю или на Солнце, короткий гамма-всплеск, вспышка сверхновой. Но наиболее правдоподобным источником считается поток высокоэнергетических частиц в результате сверхмощной вспышки на Солнце. Такие солнечные события должны приводить к появлению полярных сияний в низких широтах. Однако, в летописях Европы, Ближнего и Дальнего Востока не обнаружены достоверные упоминания полярных сияний в годы событий Мияке. В настоящее время события Мияке используются во многих областях науки, в том числе для проверки надежности дендрохронологических датировок, для точной датировки слоев ледовых колонок. Но наиболее важным считается открывшаяся возможность радиоуглеродного датирования с точностью до года.

Miyake events are fast and significant radiocarbon rises in the Earth's atmosphere. Japanese researchers from Nagoya University discovered this kind of event based on radiocarbon analysis in tree rings. They found a spike in the radioactive carbon isotope in the ring of 775AD compared to the 774AD ring. Subsequently, all such events became known by the name of the first author of the seminal paper. To date, five Miyake events have been discovered: around 12350 BC, in 7176 and 5259 BC, in 775 and 993 AD. The events of 5410 BC, 1052 and 1279 AD are less pronounced and require confirmation. Among the possible reasons for the sharp increase in the content of radiocarbon in the atmosphere a comet falling to the Earth or to the Sun, a short gamma-ray burst, a supernova outbreak were suggested. The most likely version, however, is considered to be solar energetic particles as a result of a super-powerful solar flare. Such solar events should lead to auroras in low latitudes. However, in the annals of Europe, the Middle East and the Far East, no reliable records of auroras in the years of Miyake events have been found. Nowadays, Miyake events are used in many fields of science, for example, to check the reliability of dendrochronological dating, for accurate dating of ice core layers. The most important, however, is considered to be the possibility of radiocarbon dating with an accuracy of one year.

 события Мияке древесные кольца радиоуглерод сверхмощные солнечные вспышки радиоуглеродное да-тирование полярные сияния Miyake events tree rings radiocarbon extreme solar flares radiocarbon dating auroras Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда, проект № 23-27-00158, https://rscf.ru/project/23-27-00158/ This study has been supported by the grants the Russian Science Foundation, RSF 23-27-00158, https://rscf.ru/project/23-27-00158/

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