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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Forestry Engineering Journal</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Forestry Engineering Journal</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Лесотехнический журнал</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2222-7962</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">73960</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/2</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Естественные науки и лес</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>NATURAL SCIENCES AND FOREST</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Естественные науки и лес</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Study of the structure and mechanical properties of annual rings of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) using nanoindentation and scratch test methods</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Исследование структуры и механических свойств годичных колец древесины дуба черешчатого (Quercus robur) методами наноиндентирования и скретч-теста</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Тюрин</surname>
       <given-names>Александр Иванович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Tyurin</surname>
       <given-names>Alexander I.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>tyurinalexander@yandex.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Самодуров</surname>
       <given-names>Александр Алексеевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Samodurov</surname>
       <given-names>Alexander A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>samsasha@yandex.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Головин</surname>
       <given-names>Дмитрий Юрьевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Golovin</surname>
       <given-names>Dmitriy Yur'evich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>tarlin@yandex.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Юнак</surname>
       <given-names>Мария Александровна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Yunak</surname>
       <given-names>Mariya Aleksandrovna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>mascha150383@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Коренков</surname>
       <given-names>Виктор Васильевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Korenkov</surname>
       <given-names>Viktor V.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>ya.vikkor@yandex.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Баранчиков</surname>
       <given-names>Петр Александрович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Baranchikov</surname>
       <given-names>P. A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>Petrovi4-98@yandex.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Тюрин</surname>
       <given-names>Владимир Александрович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Tyurin</surname>
       <given-names>Vladimir A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>nano@tsutmb.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Куркина</surname>
       <given-names>Наталья Михайловна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Kurkina</surname>
       <given-names>Natalia M.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>nano@tsutmb.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Тамбовский государственный университет им. Г. Р. Державина</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Tambov State University after G. R. Derzhavin</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Тамбовский государственный университет имени Г.Р. Державина</institution>
     <city>Тамбов</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Derzhavin Tambov State University</institution>
     <city>Тамбов</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-02-12T18:35:40+03:00">
    <day>12</day>
    <month>02</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-02-12T18:35:40+03:00">
    <day>12</day>
    <month>02</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>13</volume>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <fpage>40</fpage>
   <lpage>57</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-11-24T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>24</day>
     <month>11</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-11-30T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>30</day>
     <month>11</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="http://lestehjournal.ru/en/journal/2023/no-4-52-ch-1/study-structure-and-mechanical-properties-annual-rings-peduncu-late-oak">http://lestehjournal.ru/en/journal/2023/no-4-52-ch-1/study-structure-and-mechanical-properties-annual-rings-peduncu-late-oak</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Для изучения строения древесины, ее кольцевой структуры обычно используют оптические методы и оптические свойства. Однако эти свойства напрямую не связаны с ее механическими и другими физическими характеристиками. Для их исследования применяют не сильно распространенные в древесиноведении методы рентгеновской денситометрии, синхротронного излучения, ядерного магнитного резонанса и др. Эти методы достаточно трудоемки и требуют дорогостоящего оборудования. В связи с этим возникает необходимость разработки простых и удобных средств и методик исследования микромеханических свойств древесины. Основной целью работы является разработка такого подхода с применением наноиндентирования (NI) и цифрового царапания поперечного среза древесины и выявление его потенциала в дальнейшем развитии дендрохронологии и смежных дисциплин. Методом NI получены радиальные зависимости твердости H и модуля Юнга Е для одиннадцати последовательных годовых колец древесины дуба черешчатого (Quercus robur L.) для 3-х различных нагрузок Рmax = 2, 100 и 500 мН. Определены значения H в диапазоне от 70 до 340 MПа и модуля Юнга Е в диапазоне от 2 до 10 ГПа для соответствующих нагрузок и зон ранней (EW) и поздней древесины (LW). Методом скретчтеста получены профили нормальной силы Fn и соответствующие твердости HS (в диапазоне от 53 до 225 MПа) за период 2007-2020 гг. По данным обоих методов определены ширины годовых колец, расхождение значений с оптическим методом составило &lt; 3%.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Optical methods and optical properties are usually used to research the structure of wood and its ring structure. However, these properties are not directly related to its mechanical and other physical characteristics. To study them, methods of x-ray densitometry, synchrotron radiation, nuclear magnetic resonance, etc., which are not very common in wood science, are used. These methods are quite labor-intensive and require expensive equipment. In this regard, there is a need to develop simple and convenient means and methods for studying the micromechanical properties of wood. The main goal of the work is to develop such an approach using nanoindentation and digital scratching of a cross section of wood and to identify its potential in the further development of dendrochronology and related disciplines. Using the NI method, radial dependences of hardness H and Young's modulus E were obtained for eleven consecutive annual pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) wood rings for 3 different loads Pmax = 2, 100 and 500 mN. The values of H in the range from 70 to 340 MPa and Young's modulus E in the range from 2 to 10 GPa were determined for the corresponding loads and early (EW) and late wood (LW). Using the scratch test method, profiles of the normal force Fn and the corresponding hardness HS (in the range from 53 to 225 MPa) were obtained for the period 2007-2020. According to both methods, the widths of annual rings were determined; the discrepancy between the values and the optical method was &lt; 3 %.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>наноиндентирование</kwd>
    <kwd>скретч-тест</kwd>
    <kwd>годовые кольца</kwd>
    <kwd>структура и механические свойства древесины</kwd>
    <kwd>Quercus robur L.</kwd>
    <kwd>твердость</kwd>
    <kwd>модуль Юнга</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-16-00231, https://rscf.ru/project/23-16-00231/</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">nanoindentation, scratch test, annual rings, structure and mechanical properties of wood, Quercus robur L., hardness, Young's modulus</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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  <p></p>
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