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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Level of Life of the Population of Regions of Russia</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Level of Life of the Population of Regions of Russia</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Уровень жизни населения регионов России</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">1999-9836</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">7361</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/13552</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Демография и миграция</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>DEMOGRAPHY AND MIGRATION</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Демография и миграция</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Earned Income Differentiation between Immigrants and Native Workers on the Russian Labour Market</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Дифференциация трудовых доходов между внешними иммигрантами и местными работниками на российском рынке труда</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Смирных</surname>
       <given-names>Л. И.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Smirnykh</surname>
       <given-names>L. И.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>lsmirnykh@hse.ru</email>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Полякова</surname>
       <given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Polyakova</surname>
       <given-names>E. Ю.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>ev.poliakova@gmail.com</email>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-10-17T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>17</day>
    <month>10</month>
    <year>2015</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-10-17T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>17</day>
    <month>10</month>
    <year>2015</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>3</volume>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>65</fpage>
   <lpage>74</lpage>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/7361/view">https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/7361/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Объект. Внешние иммигранты и местные работники на российском рынке труда.&#13;
Предмет. Дифференциация трудовых доходов между внешними иммигрантами и местными работниками.&#13;
Теоретическая сторона предмета. Исследование базируется на&#13;
положениях теории дискриминации, согласно которым трудовые&#13;
доходы работников с одинаковыми производительными характеристиками могут различаться. Причины различий могут заключаться в предубеждении работодателей в отношении отдельных&#13;
типов работников, в сегрегации рабочих мест и др. В данной работе рассматривается, какой вклад вносит дискриминация, вне зависимости от ее причин, в неравенство трудовых доходов между&#13;
внешними иммигрантами и местными работниками.&#13;
Эмпирическая сторона предмета. Исследование было выполнено&#13;
на основании данных Российского мониторинга экономического положения и здоровья населения НИУ ВШЭ (РМЭЗ) за 2004–2012 гг. Впервые для этих данных были разработаны критерии для определения&#13;
категории внешних иммигрантов и рассчитано их количество&#13;
для российского рынка труда. Для оценки неравенства в трудовых&#13;
доходах между внешними иммигрантами и местными работниками был применен метод декомпозиции Оксаки-Блайндера. Оценки&#13;
были выполнены в среднем за весь анализируемый период, а также&#13;
с учетом колебаний спроса в периоды экономических циклов: докризисный период (2004–2007), период кризиса (2008–2009) и посткризисный период (2010–2012).&#13;
Цели. Цель работы состоит в том, чтобы, рассчитав вклад наблюдаемых и ненаблюдаемых факторов в неравенство трудовых&#13;
доходов на основе метода декомпозиции Оксаки-Блайндера, определить размер и причины различий в трудовых доходах между&#13;
внешними иммигрантами и местными работниками.&#13;
Основные теоретические и эмпирические положения статьи.&#13;
Результаты анализа показали, что трудовые доходы внешних иммигрантов на российском рынке труда в среднем на 15% ниже, чем&#13;
трудовые доходы местных работников. При этом неравенство в&#13;
трудовых доходах возрастало в период экономического кризиса&#13;
(21%) и снижалось в некризисные годы (11–13%).&#13;
Дифференциация в трудовых доходах между внешними иммигрантами и местными работниками сокращается на российском&#13;
рынке труда за счет наблюдаемых социально-демографических&#13;
характеристик работников, но увеличивается за счет факторов,&#13;
которые связаны с дискриминацией. В силу доминирования дискриминационного эффекта в отношении внешних иммигрантов их&#13;
трудовые доходы отстают по уровню от трудовых доходов местных работников. При этом вклад дискриминации в неравенство&#13;
трудовых доходов между внешними иммигрантами и местными&#13;
работниками уменьшался во время экономического кризиса, но после его завершения снова возрос.&#13;
Результаты исследования свидетельствуют о том, что уровень&#13;
неравенства трудовых доходов между внешними иммигрантами и&#13;
местными работниками на российском рынке труда схож с аналогичными показателями на рынках труда в ряде европейских стран&#13;
(Германия, Португалия). При этом факторы, связанные с дискриминацией, оказывают в России большее влияние на неравенство в&#13;
трудовых доходах, чем в странах Европы.&#13;
Выводы. Было установлено, что неравенство в трудовых доходах между внешними иммигрантами и местными работниками на&#13;
российском рынке труда обусловлено не столько различиями в их&#13;
социально-демографических характеристиках, сколько действием&#13;
факторов, которые связаны с дискриминацией работников. В условиях дефицита трудовых ресурсов меры государственной политики занятости должны быть направлены на преодоление дискриминации и повышение конкуренции на российском рынке труда.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Object. Vneshnieimmigranty and local workers on the Russian labor market.&#13;
Subject. Differentsiatsiyatrudovyh income between vneshnimiimmigrantami&#13;
and local workers.&#13;
The theoretical side of the subject. The study is based on the provisions&#13;
of the theory of discrimination, according to which the labor income of&#13;
workers with the same performance characteristics may vary. The reasons&#13;
for the differences can be to the prejudice of employers in respect of certain&#13;
types of workers in the segregation of jobs and others. In this paper we&#13;
consider what contribution is discrimination, regardless of its causes, the&#13;
inequality of labor income between foreign immigrants and local workers.&#13;
The empirical side of subject. Issledovanie was performed on data from&#13;
the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring health HSE (RLMS) for 2004–2012. For&#13;
the first time these data were developed criteria for determining the category&#13;
of foreign immigrants and their number is calculated for the Russian&#13;
labor market. To assess disparities in labor earnings between immigrants&#13;
and foreign national workers has been the method of decomposition of&#13;
Oaxaca-Blinder. The estimates were made on average over the whole period,&#13;
as well as taking into account fluctuations in demand in times of economic&#13;
cycles: pre-crisis period (2004-2007), during the crisis (2008–2009)&#13;
and after the crisis period (2010–2012).&#13;
Goal. The purpose of this paper is to calculate the contribution of observable&#13;
and unobservable factors in the inequality of labor income on the&#13;
basis of dekompozitsiiOksaki-Blinder, opredelitrazmer and reasons for the&#13;
differences in labor income between foreign immigrants and local workers.&#13;
Basic theoretical and empirical article. The results showed that the&#13;
labor income vneshnihimmigrantovna Russian labor market on average&#13;
15% lower than the labor income of local workers. This inequality in labor&#13;
income increases during the economic crisis (21%) and decreased in noncrisis&#13;
years (11–13%).&#13;
Differentiation in labor earnings between immigrants and foreign national&#13;
workers is reduced in the Russian labor market due to the observed sociodemographic&#13;
characteristics of workers, but increases due to factors that&#13;
are associated with discrimination. Due to the dominance of the discriminatory&#13;
effect against foreign immigrants their incomes lag behind in terms&#13;
of the labor income of local workers. The contribution of discrimination in&#13;
labor income inequality between foreign immigrants and local workers&#13;
decreased during the economic crisis, but after its completion increased&#13;
again.&#13;
The findings suggest that the level of inequality of labor income between&#13;
external immigrants and local workers on the Russian labor market&#13;
is similar to those of the labor markets in some European countries (Germany,&#13;
Portugal). At the same factors related to discrimination in Russia have a&#13;
greater impact on inequality in labor income than in Europe.&#13;
Conclusions. It was found that inequality in labor earnings between&#13;
vneshnimi immigrantami and local workers in the Russian market&#13;
truda obuslovleno not so much differences in their socio-demographic&#13;
characteristics as to the factors that are associated with discrimination&#13;
against workers. Given the shortage of manpower the state employment&#13;
policy measures should be designed to overcome discrimination and&#13;
increase competition in the Russian labor market.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>иммиграция</kwd>
    <kwd>дифференциация трудовых доходов</kwd>
    <kwd>метод Оксаки-Блайндера</kwd>
    <kwd>российский рынок труда.</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>immigration</kwd>
    <kwd>Differentiation of labor income</kwd>
    <kwd>Oaxaca-&#13;
Blinder method</kwd>
    <kwd>the Russian labor market.</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
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