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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Geometry &amp; Graphics</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Geometry &amp; Graphics</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Геометрия и графика</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2308-4898</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">6a9c167132807fdbab87529f</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/2308-4898-2026-14-2-47-58</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Научные проблемы геометрии</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Scientific problems of geometry</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Научные проблемы геометрии</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">An Algorithmic Complex for Dynamic Adaptation of Educational Environment Interfaces in Virtual Reality Based on Geometric Modeling</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Алгоритмический комплекс геометрического моделирования для динамической адаптации интерфейсов образовательных VR-сред</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Ченарани</surname>
       <given-names>Сасан </given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Chenarani</surname>
       <given-names>Sasan </given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>chenarani94sasan@gmail.com</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого (СПбПУ)</institution>
     <city xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский</city>
     <country country="RU" xml:lang="ru">Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU)</institution>
     <city xml:lang="en">St.Petersburg</city>
     <country country="RU" xml:lang="en">Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-09T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>09</day>
    <month>07</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-09T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>09</day>
    <month>07</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>14</volume>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <fpage>47</fpage>
   <lpage>58</lpage>
   <permissions>
    <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">© 2026 Ченарани С. Все права защищены.</copyright-statement>
    <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">© 2026 Chenarani S. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement>
    <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
    <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ченарани Сасан</copyright-holder>
    <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chenarani Sasan</copyright-holder>
   </permissions>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/publications/6a9c167132807fdbab87529f/view">https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/publications/6a9c167132807fdbab87529f/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Настоящая работа посвящена разработке и апробации алгоритмического комплекса геометрического моделирования и динамической адаптации пользовательских интерфейсов в средах виртуальной реальности (VR), основанного на методах инженерной геометрии и компьютерной графики. В качестве основной проблемы в исследовании рассматривается фундаментальная неэффективность традиционных двумерных подходов к проектированию, которые неспособны учесть сложные пространственные зависимости и биомеханические ограничения движений руки в 3D-пространстве, что часто приводит к когнитивной нагрузке, физической усталости и риску «киберукачивания». Предлагаемый комплекс представляет собой унифицированный фреймворк, который интегрирует методы инженерно-геометрического моделирования и компьютерной графики для оптимальной пространственной компоновки и визуализации элементов VR-меню, предиктивную модель поведения пользователя для анализа и прогнозирования, и алгоритмы обучения с подкреплением для динамической настройки интерфейса в реальном времени. Центральное место в методологии занимает интеллектуальная система, основанная на Q-learning, которая управляет параметрами интерфейса (размером, расположением и формой элементов), таким образом создавая замкнутый цикл непрерывной адаптации, где каждое взаимодействие улучшает будущий дизайн. Для формирования обратной связи для агента используется многоцелевая функция вознаграждения, тщательно балансирующая метрики производительности (скорость, точность) и кинематические характеристики движения (эффективность траектории, плавность, или метрика рывка). Для повышения эффективности обучения и целенаправленного исследования пространства параметров используется предиктивная модель на основе Гауссовских процессов (GPR), которая прогнозирует производительность пользователя и оценивает неопределённость своих предсказаний, тем самым эффективно управляя компромиссом между исследованием и эксплуатацией. Экспериментальная апробация, проведённая с участием 17 участников, подтвердила эффективность предложенного подхода, зафиксировав значительное сокращение времени выполнения задач и высокую удовлетворённость пользователей (94.1%). Ключевые метрики, такие как среднее время выполнения, метрика рывка и эффективность пути, продемонстрировали устойчивое улучшение. Полученные результаты демонстрируют, что разработанный комплекс предоставляет надёжный фреймворк для создания эргономичных и эффективных VR-интерфейсов, что имеет особое значение для образовательных и тренажёрных приложений, где долгосрочное комфортное использование имеет критическое значение для успешного обучения и минимизации рисков для здоровья.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>This paper presents an algorithmic complex for geometric modeling and dynamic adaptation of user interfaces in virtual reality (VR) environments, based on methods of engineering geometry and computer graphics. The primary problem addressed is the fundamental inefficiency of traditional 2D design methods, which fail to account for complex spatial relationships and the biomechanical limitations of natural hand movements, often leading to increased cognitive load, physical fatigue, and the risk of cybersickness. The proposed complex is a unified framework that integrates engineering-geometric and computer graphics methods for optimal 3D layout generation and visualization of VR menus, a predictive user behavior model for analysis and forecasting, and reinforcement learning algorithms for dynamic, real-time interface tuning. The core of the methodology is an intelligent system based on Q-learning, which manages interface parameters such as the size, placement, and shape of elements, thus establishing a closed loop of continuous adaptation where each user interaction refines and improves the interface design for future tasks. The feedback for the agent is derived from a multi-objective reward function that carefully balances performance metrics (speed, accuracy) with ergonomic characteristics of user movements, including path efficiency and smoothness (jerk metric). To enhance learning efficiency and guide the exploration of the parameter space, a predictive model based on Gaussian Processes (GPR) is used to forecast user performance and quantify prediction uncertainty, thereby effectively managing the exploration-exploitation trade-off. Experimental validation with 17 students confirmed the approach’s effectiveness, showing a significant reduction in task completion time and high user satisfaction (94.1%). Key metrics, including average task completion time, jerk metric, and path efficiency, showed sustained improvement over the course of the experiment. The results demonstrate that the developed complex provides a robust framework for creating ergonomic and efficient VR interfaces, which is particularly valuable for educational and training applications where long-term, comfortable use is critical for successful learning and minimizing health risks.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>геометрическое моделирование; виртуальная реальность; пользовательский интерфейс; динамическая адаптация; обучение с подкреплением; гауссовские процессы; закон Фиттса</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>geometric modeling</kwd>
    <kwd>multidimensional space</kwd>
    <kwd>Simplex</kwd>
    <kwd>Apollonius problem</kwd>
    <kwd>logic programming language</kwd>
    <kwd>Prolog</kwd>
    <kwd>predicate</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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