The article discusses one of the most urgent problems of the modern education system – control and evaluation activities in elementary school. The idea of the need to change the axiological approaches to monitoring the planned learning outcomes of younger schoolchildren is substantiated: special attention should be paid to the development of students’ regulative skills – self-control and self-esteem as the most important qualities of the subject of educational activity that ensure its success. The characteristic of traditional types of control is given, as well as a new type, which is the starting (diagnostic) control.