The relevance of the presented study lies in the fact that in the context of the complication of the processes of socio-economic development, due to the increased volatility of economic activity, the acceleration of globalization and de-globalization trends, scientific and technological progress and the aggravation of geopolitical economic conditions of management, the development of new approaches to management is of great importance. In this connection, it is of interest to turn to the richest experience in the development of management accumulated in the 20th century. The purpose of the presented study is to analyze the experience of management development in the 20th century from the standpoint of assessing the possibilities of using the postulates of management schools of the previous century in modern economic conditions. The scientific novelty of the results obtained lies in a comparative analysis of various classifications of schools, approaches and concepts of management that have developed in the 20th century. The practical significance of the results obtained lies in the possibility of their use in the formation of modern approaches to the management of socio-economic systems.