<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Natural Sciences Research</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Natural Sciences Research</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Журнал естественнонаучных исследований</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2500-0489</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2500-0489</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">57651</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Астрофизика</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Astrophysics</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Астрофизика</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Characteristics of the first stars and products of their evo-lution</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Характеристики первых звезд и продуктов их эволюции</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Поройков</surname>
       <given-names>С. Ю.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Poroikov</surname>
       <given-names>Sergey Yu.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>sporoykov@mail.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-03-13T01:09:34+03:00">
    <day>13</day>
    <month>03</month>
    <year>2023</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-03-13T01:09:34+03:00">
    <day>13</day>
    <month>03</month>
    <year>2023</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>8</volume>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <fpage>22</fpage>
   <lpage>48</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-03-13T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>13</day>
     <month>03</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/57651/view">https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/57651/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>В спектрах старых звезд есть следы легких элементов до углерода, что связывается с мас-сивностью звезд первого поколения. Согласно радиолинии водорода в период z ~ 20 – 15 межзвездный газ был ионизован, что связывается с УФ излучением голубых звезд. Период ионизации Δz ~ 5, в том числе максимальной Δz ~ 2, ограничивает время жизни звезд (3 – 7)∙107 лет, их массу (5 – 7)∙М○ и энерговыделение ~1052 эрг. Преимущественно углеродное ядро таких гигантов превращается в белый карлик (БК) массой ~0,9 М○. Протогалактики средней массой ~1011 М○ радиусом ~80 кпк могли содержать ~1010 БК. БК слабой светимо-сти &lt;10-3 L○ в двойных (кратных) звездах могут вносить вклад в скрытую массу гало (ко-рон) галактик с долей Ωw ~ 0,12 Ωb.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Traces of light elements down to carbon are found in the spectra of old stars, which is associated with the massiveness of the first generation stars. According to the hydrogen radio line, in the peri-od z ~ 20 – 15 the interstellar gas was ionized, which is associated with the UV radiation of blue stars. Ionization period Δz ~ 5, incl. maximum Δz ~ 2, limits the lifetime of stars (3 – 7)∙107 years, their mass (5 – 7)∙M○ and energy release ~1052 erg. The predominantly carbon core of such giants turns into a white dwarf (WD) with a mass of ~0.9 M○. Protogalaxies with an average mass of ~1011 M○ and a radius of ~80 kpc could contain ~1010 WD. WD of low luminosity &lt;10-3 L○ in binary (multiple) stars can contribute to the dark mass of the halo (corona) of galaxies with a frac-tion Ωw ~ 0.12 Ωb.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>протогалактики</kwd>
    <kwd>гиганты</kwd>
    <kwd>белые карлики</kwd>
    <kwd>молекулярные облака</kwd>
    <kwd>фоновое космическое из-лучение</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>protogalaxies</kwd>
    <kwd>giants</kwd>
    <kwd>white dwarfs</kwd>
    <kwd>molecular clouds</kwd>
    <kwd>background cosmic radiation</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">V. Bromm, R.B. Larson. The First Stars // Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. - 2004 - V. 42. - pp. 79-118.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">V. Bromm, R.B. Larson. The First Stars // Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. - 2004 - V. 42. - pp. 79-118.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">А.М. Прохоров. Физическая энциклопедия, т. 1. М.: Научное издательство «Большая Российская энциклопедия». - 1988. - 704 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A.M. Prohorov. Fizicheskaya enciklopediya, t. 1. M.: Nauchnoe izdatel'stvo «Bol'shaya Rossiyskaya enciklopediya». - 1988. - 704 s.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">А.М. Прохоров. Физическая энциклопедия, т. 2. М.: Научное издательство «Большая Российская энциклопедия». - 1998. - 703 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A.M. Prohorov. Fizicheskaya enciklopediya, t. 2. M.: Nauchnoe izdatel'stvo «Bol'shaya Rossiyskaya enciklopediya». - 1998. - 703 s.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">S.C. Keller, et al. A single low-energy, iron-poor supernova as the source of metals in the star SMSS J031300.36-670839.3 // Nature. - 2014. - V. 506. - P. 463-466.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">S.C. Keller, et al. A single low-energy, iron-poor supernova as the source of metals in the star SMSS J031300.36-670839.3 // Nature. - 2014. - V. 506. - P. 463-466.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Á. Skúladóttir, S. Salvadori, A. M. Amarsi, E. Tolstoy, M.J. Irwin, V. Hill, P. Jablonka, G. Battaglia, E. Starkenburg, D. Massari. Zero-metallicity Hypernova Uncovered by an Ultra-metal-poor Star in the Sculptor Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy* // The Astrophysical Journal Let-ters. - 2021. - V. 915. - № 2. - L30. - 8 pp.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Á. Skúladóttir, S. Salvadori, A. M. Amarsi, E. Tolstoy, M.J. Irwin, V. Hill, P. Jablonka, G. Battaglia, E. Starkenburg, D. Massari. Zero-metallicity Hypernova Uncovered by an Ultra-metal-poor Star in the Sculptor Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy* // The Astrophysical Journal Let-ters. - 2021. - V. 915. - № 2. - L30. - 8 pp.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">А.М. Прохоров. Физическая энциклопедия, т. 4. М.: Научное издательство «Большая Российская энциклопедия». - 1994. - 704 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A.M. Prohorov. Fizicheskaya enciklopediya, t. 4. M.: Nauchnoe izdatel'stvo «Bol'shaya Rossiyskaya enciklopediya». - 1994. - 704 s.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">А.М. Прохоров. Физическая энциклопедия, т. 5. М.: Научное издательство «Большая Российская энциклопедия». - 1998. - 784 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A.M. Prohorov. Fizicheskaya enciklopediya, t. 5. M.: Nauchnoe izdatel'stvo «Bol'shaya Rossiyskaya enciklopediya». - 1998. - 784 s.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">А.М. Прохоров. Физическая энциклопедия, т. 3. М.: Научное издательство «Большая Российская энциклопедия». - 1992. - 672 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A.M. Prohorov. Fizicheskaya enciklopediya, t. 3. M.: Nauchnoe izdatel'stvo «Bol'shaya Rossiyskaya enciklopediya». - 1992. - 672 s.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">J.D. Bowman, A.E.E. Rogers, R.A. Monsalve, T.J. Mozdzen, N. Mahesh. An absorption pro-file centred at 78 megahertz in the sky-averaged spectrum // Nature. - 2018. - V. 555. - P. 67-70.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">J.D. Bowman, A.E.E. Rogers, R.A. Monsalve, T.J. Mozdzen, N. Mahesh. An absorption pro-file centred at 78 megahertz in the sky-averaged spectrum // Nature. - 2018. - V. 555. - P. 67-70.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">C.T. Donnan, et al. The evolution of the galaxy UV luminosity function at redshifts z ~ 8 - 15 from deep JWST and ground-based near-infrared imaging // Monthly Notices of the Roy-al Astronomical Society. - 2023. - V. 518. - Is. 4. - P. 6011-6040.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">C.T. Donnan, et al. The evolution of the galaxy UV luminosity function at redshifts z ~ 8 - 15 from deep JWST and ground-based near-infrared imaging // Monthly Notices of the Roy-al Astronomical Society. - 2023. - V. 518. - Is. 4. - P. 6011-6040.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">R. Adam, et al. Planck 2015 results. I. Overview of products and scientific results // Astron-omy and Astrophysics. - 2016. - V. 594. - A1. - 38 pp.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">R. Adam, et al. Planck 2015 results. I. Overview of products and scientific results // Astron-omy and Astrophysics. - 2016. - V. 594. - A1. - 38 pp.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">И.С. Григорьев, Е.З. Мейлихов. Физические величины. Справочник. - М.: Энергоатом-издат. - 1991. - 1232 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">I.S. Grigor'ev, E.Z. Meylihov. Fizicheskie velichiny. Spravochnik. - M.: Energoatom-izdat. - 1991. - 1232 s.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">А.В. Засов, К.А. Постнов. Общая астрофизика. 2-е изд. испр. и дополн. Фрязино: Век 2. - 2011. - 576 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A.V. Zasov, K.A. Postnov. Obschaya astrofizika. 2-e izd. ispr. i dopoln. Fryazino: Vek 2. - 2011. - 576 s.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">А.М. Прохоров. Физический энциклопедический словарь. М.: Советская энциклопедия. - 1983. - 928 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A.M. Prohorov. Fizicheskiy enciklopedicheskiy slovar'. M.: Sovetskaya enciklopediya. - 1983. - 928 s.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">R.C. Henry. Diffuse background radiation // The Astrophysical Journal Letters. - 1999. - № 516. - № 2. - L49-L52.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">R.C. Henry. Diffuse background radiation // The Astrophysical Journal Letters. - 1999. - № 516. - № 2. - L49-L52.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B16">
    <label>16.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">M.G. Hauser, Е. Dwek. The Cosmic Infrared Background: Measurements and Implications // Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. - 2001. - V. 39. - P. 249-307.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">M.G. Hauser, E. Dwek. The Cosmic Infrared Background: Measurements and Implications // Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. - 2001. - V. 39. - P. 249-307.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B17">
    <label>17.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">C.J. Conselice, A. Wilkinson, K. Duncan, A. Mortlock. The evolution of galaxy number den-sity at Z &lt; 8 and its implications // The Astrophysical Journal. - 2016. - V. 830:83. - № 2. - 17pp.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">C.J. Conselice, A. Wilkinson, K. Duncan, A. Mortlock. The evolution of galaxy number den-sity at Z &lt; 8 and its implications // The Astrophysical Journal. - 2016. - V. 830:83. - № 2. - 17pp.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B18">
    <label>18.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">J.I.G. Hernández, et al. No surviving evolved companions of the progenitor of SN 1006 // Nature. - 2012. - V. 489. - P. 533-536.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">J.I.G. Hernández, et al. No surviving evolved companions of the progenitor of SN 1006 // Nature. - 2012. - V. 489. - P. 533-536.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B19">
    <label>19.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu. Harikane et al. A Search for H-Dropout Lyman Break Galaxies at z ~ 12-16 // The As-trophysical Journal. - 2022. - V. 929. - № 1. - 15pp.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu. Harikane et al. A Search for H-Dropout Lyman Break Galaxies at z ~ 12-16 // The As-trophysical Journal. - 2022. - V. 929. - № 1. - 15pp.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B20">
    <label>20.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Я.Б. Зельдович, Н.Д. Новиков. Строение и эволюция Вселенной. - М.: Наука. - 1975 - 736 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ya.B. Zel'dovich, N.D. Novikov. Stroenie i evolyuciya Vselennoy. - M.: Nauka. - 1975 - 736 s.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B21">
    <label>21.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">S.A. Pustilnik, A.L. Tepliakova, D.I. Makarov. Void galaxies in the nearby Universe - I. Sample description // Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - 2019. - V. 482. - Is. 4. - P. 4329-4345.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">S.A. Pustilnik, A.L. Tepliakova, D.I. Makarov. Void galaxies in the nearby Universe - I. Sample description // Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - 2019. - V. 482. - Is. 4. - P. 4329-4345.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B22">
    <label>22.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">C. Alcock, et al. The MACHO Project: Microlensing Results from 5.7 Years of Large Magel-lanic Cloud Observations // The Astrophysical Journal. - 2000. - V. 542. - № 1. - Р. 281-307.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">C. Alcock, et al. The MACHO Project: Microlensing Results from 5.7 Years of Large Magel-lanic Cloud Observations // The Astrophysical Journal. - 2000. - V. 542. - № 1. - R. 281-307.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B23">
    <label>23.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">M. Kilic, N.C. Hambly, P. Bergeron, C. Genest-Beaulieu, N. Rowell. Gaia Reveals Evidence for Merged White Dwarfs // Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. - 2018. - V. 479. - Is. 1. - P. L113-L117.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">M. Kilic, N.C. Hambly, P. Bergeron, C. Genest-Beaulieu, N. Rowell. Gaia Reveals Evidence for Merged White Dwarfs // Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. - 2018. - V. 479. - Is. 1. - P. L113-L117.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B24">
    <label>24.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">М.В. Сажин, А.М. Чеперащук. Микролинзирование двойных и кратных звезд // Письма в астрономический журнал. - 1994. - Т. 20. - № 9. - С. 613-619.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">M.V. Sazhin, A.M. Cheperaschuk. Mikrolinzirovanie dvoynyh i kratnyh zvezd // Pis'ma v astronomicheskiy zhurnal. - 1994. - T. 20. - № 9. - S. 613-619.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B25">
    <label>25.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">А.В. Засов, А.С. Сабурова, А.А. Хоперсков, С.А. Хоперсков. Темная материя в галакти-ках // Успехи физических наук. - 2017. - Т. 187. - № 1. - С. 3-44.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A.V. Zasov, A.S. Saburova, A.A. Hoperskov, S.A. Hoperskov. Temnaya materiya v galakti-kah // Uspehi fizicheskih nauk. - 2017. - T. 187. - № 1. - S. 3-44.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B26">
    <label>26.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">С.Ю. Поройков. Расширение войдов и их субструктур под давлением космических лу-чей, рассеиваемых магнитным полем гало (корон) галактик // Журнал естественнона-учных исследований. - 2021. - Т. 6. - № 4. - С. 15-30.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">S.Yu. Poroykov. Rasshirenie voydov i ih substruktur pod davleniem kosmicheskih lu-chey, rasseivaemyh magnitnym polem galo (koron) galaktik // Zhurnal estestvennona-uchnyh issledovaniy. - 2021. - T. 6. - № 4. - S. 15-30.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B27">
    <label>27.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">S. Bagnulo, J.D. Landstreet. New insight into the magnetism of degenerate stars from the analysis of a volume-limited sample of white dwarfs // Monthly Notices of the Royal Astro-nomical Society. - 2021. - V. 507. - Is. 4. - P. 5902-5951.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">S. Bagnulo, J.D. Landstreet. New insight into the magnetism of degenerate stars from the analysis of a volume-limited sample of white dwarfs // Monthly Notices of the Royal Astro-nomical Society. - 2021. - V. 507. - Is. 4. - P. 5902-5951.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B28">
    <label>28.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Б.В Вайнер. Ю.А. Щекинов. Происхождение дейтерия // Успехи физических наук. - 1985. - Т. 146. - № 1 - С. 143-171.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">B.V Vayner. Yu.A. Schekinov. Proishozhdenie deyteriya // Uspehi fizicheskih nauk. - 1985. - T. 146. - № 1 - S. 143-171.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B29">
    <label>29.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">В.А. Бедняков. О происхождении химических элементов // Физика элементарных ча-стиц и атомного ядра. - 2002. - Т. 33. - № 4. - С. 915-963.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">V.A. Bednyakov. O proishozhdenii himicheskih elementov // Fizika elementarnyh cha-stic i atomnogo yadra. - 2002. - T. 33. - № 4. - S. 915-963.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B30">
    <label>30.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">J.M. O'Meara, D. Tytler, D. Kirkman, N. Suzuki, J.X. Prochaska, D. Lubin, A.M. Wolfe. The Deuterium to Hydrogen Abundance Ratio toward a Fourth QSO: HS 0105+1619 // The As-trophysical Journal. - 2001. - V. 552. - № 2. - P. 718-730.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">J.M. O'Meara, D. Tytler, D. Kirkman, N. Suzuki, J.X. Prochaska, D. Lubin, A.M. Wolfe. The Deuterium to Hydrogen Abundance Ratio toward a Fourth QSO: HS 0105+1619 // The As-trophysical Journal. - 2001. - V. 552. - № 2. - P. 718-730.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B31">
    <label>31.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">M.H. Abdullah, A. Klypin, G. Wilson. Cosmological Constraints on Ωm and σ8 from Cluster Abundances Using the GalWCat19 Optical-spectroscopic SDSS Catalog // The Astrophysical Journal. - 2020. - V. 901:90. - № 2 - 8 pp.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">M.H. Abdullah, A. Klypin, G. Wilson. Cosmological Constraints on Ωm and σ8 from Cluster Abundances Using the GalWCat19 Optical-spectroscopic SDSS Catalog // The Astrophysical Journal. - 2020. - V. 901:90. - № 2 - 8 pp.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B32">
    <label>32.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">J.M. Shull, B.D. Smith, C.W. Danforth. The Baryon Census in a Multiphase Intergalactic Medium: 30% of the Baryons May Still be Missing // The Astrophysical Journal. - 2012. - V. 759. - № 1. - 15 pp.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">J.M. Shull, B.D. Smith, C.W. Danforth. The Baryon Census in a Multiphase Intergalactic Medium: 30% of the Baryons May Still be Missing // The Astrophysical Journal. - 2012. - V. 759. - № 1. - 15 pp.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B33">
    <label>33.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">M. Fukugita, C.J. Hogan, P.J.E. Peebles. The Cosmic Baryon Budget // The Astrophysical Journal. - 1998. - V. 503. - № 2. - P. 518-530.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">M. Fukugita, C.J. Hogan, P.J.E. Peebles. The Cosmic Baryon Budget // The Astrophysical Journal. - 1998. - V. 503. - № 2. - P. 518-530.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B34">
    <label>34.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">J.-P. Macquart, et al. A census of baryons in the Universe from localized fast radio bursts // Nature. - 2020. - V. 581. - P. 391-408.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">J.-P. Macquart, et al. A census of baryons in the Universe from localized fast radio bursts // Nature. - 2020. - V. 581. - P. 391-408.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B35">
    <label>35.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">M.A. Beasley, A.J. Romanowsky, V. Pota, I.M. Navarro, D.M. Delgado, F. Neyer, A. L. Deich. An overmassive Dark Halo around an Ultra-diffuse Galaxy in the Virgo Cluster // The Astrophysical Journal Letters. - 2016. - V. 819. - № 2. - L20. - 7 pp.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">M.A. Beasley, A.J. Romanowsky, V. Pota, I.M. Navarro, D.M. Delgado, F. Neyer, A. L. Deich. An overmassive Dark Halo around an Ultra-diffuse Galaxy in the Virgo Cluster // The Astrophysical Journal Letters. - 2016. - V. 819. - № 2. - L20. - 7 pp.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B36">
    <label>36.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">I.V. Chilingarian, A.V. Afanasiev, K.A. Grishin, D. Fabricant, S. Moran. Internal Dynamics and Stellar Content of Nine Ultra-diffuse Galaxies in the Coma Cluster Prove Their Evolu-tionary Link with Dwarf Early-type Galaxies // The Astrophysical Journal. - 2019. - V. 884:79. - № 1. - № 2. - 12 pp.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">I.V. Chilingarian, A.V. Afanasiev, K.A. Grishin, D. Fabricant, S. Moran. Internal Dynamics and Stellar Content of Nine Ultra-diffuse Galaxies in the Coma Cluster Prove Their Evolu-tionary Link with Dwarf Early-type Galaxies // The Astrophysical Journal. - 2019. - V. 884:79. - № 1. - № 2. - 12 pp.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B37">
    <label>37.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">S. Mashchenko, A. Sills, H.M. Couchman. Constraining Global Properties of the Draco Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy // The Astrophysical Journal. - 2006. - V. 640. - № 1. - P. 252-269.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">S. Mashchenko, A. Sills, H.M. Couchman. Constraining Global Properties of the Draco Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy // The Astrophysical Journal. - 2006. - V. 640. - № 1. - P. 252-269.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B38">
    <label>38.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">J.D. Simon, M. Geha. The Kinematics of the Ultra-faint Milky Way Satellites: Solving the Missing Satellite Problem // The Astrophysical Journal. - 2007. - V. 670. - № 1. - P. 313-331.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">J.D. Simon, M. Geha. The Kinematics of the Ultra-faint Milky Way Satellites: Solving the Missing Satellite Problem // The Astrophysical Journal. - 2007. - V. 670. - № 1. - P. 313-331.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B39">
    <label>39.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">H. Lee, B.K. Gibson, C. Flynn, D. Kawata, M.A. Beasley. Is the initial mass function of low surface brightness galaxies dominated by low-mass stars? // Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - 2004. - V. 353. - Is. 1. - Р. 113-117.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">H. Lee, B.K. Gibson, C. Flynn, D. Kawata, M.A. Beasley. Is the initial mass function of low surface brightness galaxies dominated by low-mass stars? // Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - 2004. - V. 353. - Is. 1. - R. 113-117.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B40">
    <label>40.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">J. Clampitt, B. Jain. Lensing measurements of the mass distribution in SDSS voids // Month-ly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - 2015. - V. 454. - Is. 4. - P. 3357-3365.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">J. Clampitt, B. Jain. Lensing measurements of the mass distribution in SDSS voids // Month-ly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - 2015. - V. 454. - Is. 4. - P. 3357-3365.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B41">
    <label>41.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">С.Ю. Поройков. Учет ненаблюдаемой (времениподобной) части Вселенной в космоло-гических моделях. - 2022. - Т. 7. - № 4. - С. 2-26.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">S.Yu. Poroykov. Uchet nenablyudaemoy (vremenipodobnoy) chasti Vselennoy v kosmolo-gicheskih modelyah. - 2022. - T. 7. - № 4. - S. 2-26.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B42">
    <label>42.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">С.Ю. Поройков. Допущения и идеализации, используемые в космологических моделях // Основания фундаментальной физики и математики: материалы VI Российской кон-ференции (ОФФМ-2022) / под ред. Ю.С. Владимирова, В.А. Панчелюги - М.: РУДН. - 2022. - С. 223-227.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">S.Yu. Poroykov. Dopuscheniya i idealizacii, ispol'zuemye v kosmologicheskih modelyah // Osnovaniya fundamental'noy fiziki i matematiki: materialy VI Rossiyskoy kon-ferencii (OFFM-2022) / pod red. Yu.S. Vladimirova, V.A. Panchelyugi - M.: RUDN. - 2022. - S. 223-227.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
