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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Solar-Terrestrial Physics</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Solar-Terrestrial Physics</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Solar-Terrestrial Physics</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2500-0535</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">49588</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/stp-83202208</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Results of current research</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Results of current research</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Results of current research</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Ionospheric response to the passage of typhoons observed by subionospheric VLF radio signals</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Ionospheric response to the passage of typhoons observed by subionospheric VLF radio signals</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Шалимов</surname>
       <given-names>Сергей Львович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Shalimov</surname>
       <given-names>Sergey Lvovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>pmsk7@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Соловьева</surname>
       <given-names>Мария Сергеевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Solovieva</surname>
       <given-names>Maria Sergeevna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>rozhnoi@ifz.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт физики Земли им. О.Ю. Шмидта РАН</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth RAS</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт космических исследований РАН</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Space Research Institute RAS</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт физики Земли им. О.Ю. Шмидта РАН</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth RAS</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-09-30T20:56:11+03:00">
    <day>30</day>
    <month>09</month>
    <year>2022</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-09-30T20:56:11+03:00">
    <day>30</day>
    <month>09</month>
    <year>2022</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>8</volume>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>51</fpage>
   <lpage>57</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-03-30T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>30</day>
     <month>03</month>
     <year>2022</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-06-06T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>06</day>
     <month>06</month>
     <year>2022</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/49588/view">https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/49588/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>The response of the lower ionosphere to the passage of several dozen typhoons has been studied using a regional network of VLF stations in the Russian Far East. The experimental data presented in all cases clearly demonstrates wavelike disturbances of the subionospheric VLF signal amplitude and phase during the active stage of typhoons crossing radio paths. With the exception of magnetoactive and seismoactive days, this means that the disturbances generated by a typhoon, when propagating into the upper ionosphere, pass through the lower ionosphere, causing corresponding disturbances in the amplitude and phase of the VLF signal. Spectral analysis shows that the range of the wave disturbances detected corresponds to the periods of atmospheric internal gravity waves (IGW). A mechanism of the action of IGWs on the lower ionosphere is proposed which allows us to interpret the VLF signal phase variations observed. According to this mechanism, the action of IGW on the lower ionosphere is caused by polarization fields arising during the wave motion of plasma in the lower part of the F layer. These fields projected along geomagnetic field lines into the lower ionosphere cause the upper wall of the Earth—ionosphere waveguide to rise or fall.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The response of the lower ionosphere to the passage of several dozen typhoons has been studied using a regional network of VLF stations in the Russian Far East. The experimental data presented in all cases clearly demonstrates wavelike disturbances of the subionospheric VLF signal amplitude and phase during the active stage of typhoons crossing radio paths. With the exception of magnetoactive and seismoactive days, this means that the disturbances generated by a typhoon, when propagating into the upper ionosphere, pass through the lower ionosphere, causing corresponding disturbances in the amplitude and phase of the VLF signal. Spectral analysis shows that the range of the wave disturbances detected corresponds to the periods of atmospheric internal gravity waves (IGW). A mechanism of the action of IGWs on the lower ionosphere is proposed which allows us to interpret the VLF signal phase variations observed. According to this mechanism, the action of IGW on the lower ionosphere is caused by polarization fields arising during the wave motion of plasma in the lower part of the F layer. These fields projected along geomagnetic field lines into the lower ionosphere cause the upper wall of the Earth—ionosphere waveguide to rise or fall.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>remote sensing by subionospheric VLF signals</kwd>
    <kwd>atmospheric internal gravity waves</kwd>
    <kwd>typhoons</kwd>
    <kwd>ionosphere</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>remote sensing by subionospheric VLF signals</kwd>
    <kwd>atmospheric internal gravity waves</kwd>
    <kwd>typhoons</kwd>
    <kwd>ionosphere</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">The work was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Grant No. 22-27-00182). The data in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky was collected by the Kamchatka Branch of the Federal Research Center &quot;Geophysical Service of the Russian Academy of Sciences&quot; with financial support from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Government Assignment No. 075-00576-21)</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Grant No. 22-27-00182). The data in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky was collected by the Kamchatka Branch of the Federal Research Center &quot;Geophysical Service of the Russian Academy of Sciences&quot; with financial support from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Government Assignment No. 075-00576-21)</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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