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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Medical Radiology and radiation safety</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Medical Radiology and radiation safety</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Медицинская радиология и радиационная безопасность</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">1024-6177</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2618-9615</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">43737</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/1024-6177-2020-65-6-47-56</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Радиационная эпидемиология</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Radiation epidemiology</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Радиационная эпидемиология</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Calibration Algorithms for Estimating the Number of Radiogenic Deaths in a Cohort</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>КАЛИБРОВОЧНЫЕ АЛГОРИТМЫ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ЧИСЛА РАДИОГЕННЫХ СМЕРТЕЙ В КОГОРТЕ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Васильев</surname>
       <given-names>Е В</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Vasilyev</surname>
       <given-names>E V</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Анненкова</surname>
       <given-names>Е А</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Annenkova</surname>
       <given-names>E A</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Бирюков</surname>
       <given-names>А. П.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Biryukov</surname>
       <given-names>A. P.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Орлов</surname>
       <given-names>Ю. В.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Orlov</surname>
       <given-names>Yu. V.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Думанский</surname>
       <given-names>С М</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Dumansky</surname>
       <given-names>S M</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Туков</surname>
       <given-names>А. Р.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Tukov</surname>
       <given-names>A. R.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр имени А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России, Москва</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр имени А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России, Москва</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И.Бур­на­зяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center (FMBC) FMBA</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр имени А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России, Москва</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-6">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И.Бур­на­зяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center (FMBC) FMBA</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <volume>65</volume>
   <issue>6</issue>
   <fpage>47</fpage>
   <lpage>56</lpage>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/43737/view">https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/43737/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Цель: Разработка алгоритмов определения количества радиогенных смертей в когорте, которые случились или могут случиться до произвольного момента времени. Алгоритмы должны быть основаны на непрерывных моделях пожизненного риска и минимизировать погрешности оценок на основе деформируемых нерадиационных моделей («начальных» моделей), отражающих общие закономерности российской смертности, но с возможностью калибровки по выбранным данным.&#13;
Материал и методы: Для исследования использованы базы данных регистра ликвидаторов последствий аварии на ЧАЭС – работников предприятий Минатома России. Из регистра были выбраны лица с ненулевой дозой облучения, полученной в результате ликвидации последствий аварии, и состоящие на учете в регистре до 2018 г. В этой выборке 7324 мужчины и 655 женщин. В качестве опорных данных для калибровки использовалось количество смертей, произошедших с начала периода наблюдения до 1996, 2006, 2016 гг. по всем причинам, а также от солидных раков и лейкозов. Радиационный риск рассчитывался по моделям НКДАР ООН 2006. Калибровка осуществлялась методом Левенберга — Марквардта. &#13;
 Результаты: Получена общая формула для оценки избыточного пожизненного риска смерти, являющаяся основой разработанных алгоритмов. Получены «начальные» модели риска смерти по всем причинам и от солидных раков и лейкозов. В соответствии с целью работы разработаны два алгоритма. Первый алгоритм предназначен для прямого (без использования моделей радиационного риска) определения количества радиационно-обусловленных смертей в когорте. Во втором используются  модели радиационного риска. Работоспособность алгоритмов проверена с использованием отраслевого регистра ликвидаторов последствий аварии на ЧАЭС. В частности, зафиксировано 30 % расчетное увеличение оценки числа умерших от радиационно-индуцированных солидных раков при использовании калиброванных моделей.&#13;
Выводы: Предлагаемые алгоритмы расчета по калиброванным моделям позволяют получить надежные (если модели радиационного риска считать достаточно адекватными) оценки количества «чернобыльских» смертей для моментов времени, предшествующих текущему и, предположительно, более точные прогнозные оценки, по сравнению с алгоритмом расчета по некалиброванным моделям. Низкая чувствительность модели пожизненного риска к вариациям параметров фоновых моделей и модели общей смертности делает возможным применение калиброванных по регистру ликвидаторов моделей и к другим близким популяциям (работникам АЭС и др.).</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Background: Development of algorithms for estimating the number of radiogenic deaths in a cohort that happened or may happen before an arbitrary moment in time. Algorithms should be based on continuous lifelong risk models and minimize the errors of estimates based on deformable non-radiation models (&quot;seed&quot; models) reflecting the general patterns of Russian mortality, but with the possibility of calibrating according to selected data.&#13;
Materials and methods: For the study, the databases of the register of liquidators of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident – employees of the enterprises of the Ministry of Atomic Energy of Russia were used. Persons with a non-zero dose of ionizing radiation received as a result of the accident and who were registered in the register until 2018 were selected from the register. There are 7324 men and 655 women in this sample. The number of deaths from the beginning of the observation period until 1996, 2006, 2016 from all causes, as well as from solid cancers and leukemias, was used as a reference data for the calibration. Radiation risk was calculated using UNSCEAR 2006 models. Calibration was performed using the Levenberg – Marquardt method.&#13;
 Results: A general formula was obtained for assessing the excess lifetime risk of death, which is the basis of the developed algorithms. The &quot;seed&quot; models of the risk of death from all causes and from solid cancers and leukemia’s were obtained. In accordance with the purpose of the work, two algorithms have been developed. The first algorithm is intended for direct (without using radiation risk models) estimation of the number of radiation-induced deaths in a cohort. The second uses radiation risk models. The performance of the algorithms was tested using the industry register of liquidators of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident. In particular, a 30 % calculated increase in the estimated number of deaths from radiation-induced solid cancers was recorded using calibrated models.&#13;
Conclusions: The proposed calculation algorithms for calibrated models provide reliable (if the radiation risk models are considered sufficiently adequate) estimates of the number of Chernobyl deaths for points in time preceding the current one and, presumably, more accurate predictive estimates compared to the calculation algorithm for uncalibrated models. The low sensitivity of the lifelong risk model to variations in the parameters of the background models and the total mortality model makes it possible to apply models calibrated according to the liquidator register to other closely related populations (NPP workers, etc.).</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>пожизненный атрибутивный риск</kwd>
    <kwd>оценка радиогенного риска</kwd>
    <kwd>интегральный риск</kwd>
    <kwd>кумулятивный риск</kwd>
    <kwd>смертность</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>lifetime attributive risk</kwd>
    <kwd>estimating of radiogenic risk</kwd>
    <kwd>integral risk</kwd>
    <kwd>cumulative risk</kwd>
    <kwd>mortality</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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