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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Solar-Terrestrial Physics</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Solar-Terrestrial Physics</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Солнечно-земная физика / Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika / Solar-Terrestrial Physics</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2712-9640</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">42384</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/szf-73202107</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Результаты  исследований</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Results of current research</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Результаты  исследований</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Electromagnetic pollution of near-Earth space by power line emission</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Электромагнитное загрязнение околоземного космического пространства излучением ЛЭП</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-7465</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Пилипенко</surname>
       <given-names>Вячеслав Анатольевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Pilipenko</surname>
       <given-names>Vyacheslav Anatolievich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>space.soliton@gmail.com</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5516-3155</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Федоров</surname>
       <given-names>Евгений Николаевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Fedorov</surname>
       <given-names>Evgeny Nikolaevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>enfedorov1@yandex.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1985-8384</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Мазур</surname>
       <given-names>Николай Григорьевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Mazur</surname>
       <given-names>Nikolay Grigorievich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>ngmazur@mail.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат химических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of chemical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Климов</surname>
       <given-names>Станислав Иванович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Klimov</surname>
       <given-names>Stanislav Ivanovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>sklimov@cosmos.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт физики Земли им. О.Ю. Шмидта РАН</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth RAS</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Геофизический центр РАН</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Geophysical Center RAS</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт космических исследований</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Space Research Institute</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт физики Земли им. О.Ю. Шмидта РАН</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth RAS</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт физики Земли им. О.Ю. Шмидта РАН</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, RAS</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-6">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт космических исследований РАН</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Space Research Institute RAS</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-09-28T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>28</day>
    <month>09</month>
    <year>2021</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-09-28T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>28</day>
    <month>09</month>
    <year>2021</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>7</volume>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>111</fpage>
   <lpage>119</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-02-24T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>24</day>
     <month>02</month>
     <year>2021</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-07-26T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>26</day>
     <month>07</month>
     <year>2021</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/42384/view">https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/42384/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Представлен обзор по результатам спутниковых наблюдений на низких орбитах излучения наземных линий электропередач (ЛЭП) на промышленной частоте 50–60 Гц. Особое внимание уделено наблюдениям на спутниках «Чибис-M» и DEMETER. Электрическая 40-см антенна аппарата часто регистрировала излучение на частоте 50–60 Гц (Power Line Emission, PLE) при пролетах над промышленно развитыми областями. Спектральная амплитуда зарегистрированного излучения варьировала в пределах 1–18 (мкВ/м)/Гц0.5, что соответствует амплитуде электрического поля E~1 мкВ/м. Приведены результаты численных расчетов электромагнитного отклика атмосферы и ионосферы на приземный крупномасштабный излучатель на частоте 50 Гц. По результатам моделирования PLE с наблюдаемой на спутниках в ночной ионосфере интенсивностью на средних широтах ~1 мкВ/м может возбуждаться в ЛЭП несбалансированным током 8–10 A над земной корой проводимостью 10–3 См/м. На средних и низких широтах с наклонным геомагнитным полем максимальный отклик в верхней ионосфере на излучение ЛЭП должен наблюдаться смещенным к экватору, хотя это смещение меньше, чем снос при переносе возмущения вдоль геомагнитного поля. Максимальная амплитуда электромагнитного отклика ионосферы на излучение ЛЭП незначительно уменьшается для наклонного геомагнитного поля. К настоящему времени интенсивность PLE в околоземном пространстве оказывается выше, чем интенсивность природных излучений в этом диапазоне (шумановские резонансы и ионные свисты), и продолжает нарастать по мере технологического развития человечества.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>We present an overview, based on satellite observations at low Earth orbits, on electromagnetic radiation from ground power transmission lines at an industrial frequency 50–60 Hz. Particular attention has been given to Chibis-M and DEMETER satellite observations. The electric 40-cm antenna of the micro-satellite often recorded 50–60 Hz radiation (known as Power Line Emission (PLE)) when it flew over industrialized areas of the planet. The PLE spectral amplitude varied from 1.2 to 18 (μV/m)/Hz0.5, which corresponds to the electric field amplitude E~1 μV/m. We report results of numerical calculations of the electromagnetic response of the atmosphere and ionosphere to a large-scale surface emitter at a frequency of 50 Hz. According to simulation results, PLE with an intensity of ~1 μV/m observed on satellites in the nightside ionosphere at midlatitudes can be excited by an unbalanced current 8–10 A in a power transmission line above the earth's crust with conductivity of 10–3 S/m. At middle and low latitudes with an inclined geomagnetic field, the maximum response in the upper ionosphere to the transmission line radiation should be seen shifted equatorward, although this shift is less than that upon guidance by the geomagnetic field. The maximum amplitude of the electromagnetic response of the ionosphere to the power transmission line emission decreases for an inclined geomagnetic field, but insignificantly. To date, the PLE intensity in near-Earth space has turned out to be higher than the intensity of natural radiation in this range (Schumann resonances and ion whistlers), and continues to grow with the technological development of mankind.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>излучение линий электропередач</kwd>
    <kwd>СНЧ-излучения</kwd>
    <kwd>геоиндуцированные токи</kwd>
    <kwd>низкоорбитальные спутники</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>power line emission</kwd>
    <kwd>ELF radiation</kwd>
    <kwd>geomagnetically induced currents</kwd>
    <kwd>low-orbit satellites</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа подготовлена в рамках госзаданий ИФЗ и ИКИ</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was performed under State assignments of IPE and IKI</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
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