<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Forestry Engineering Journal</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Forestry Engineering Journal</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Лесотехнический журнал</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2222-7962</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">41959</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2020.4/13</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Природопользование</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Nature Management</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Природопользование</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">PECULIARITIES OF THE EXTERNALPATHOLOGY MANIFESTATION ON SOFT-WOODED BROADLEAVED SPECIES</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>ОСОБЕННОСТИ ВНЕШНЕГО ПРОЯВЛЕНИЯ ПАТОЛОГИЙ НА МЯГКОЛИСТВЕННЫХ ПОРОДАХ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8230-4651</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Комарова</surname>
       <given-names>Ольга Валерьевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Komarova</surname>
       <given-names>Ol'ga Valer'evna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>Olya34@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт лесной генетики, селекции и биотехнологии»</institution>
     <city>Воронеж</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">All-Russian Research Institute of Forest Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology</institution>
     <city>Voronezh</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <volume>10</volume>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <fpage>158</fpage>
   <lpage>170</lpage>
   <self-uri xlink:href="http://lestehjournal.ru/sites/default/files/journal_pdf/158-170.pdf">http://lestehjournal.ru/sites/default/files/journal_pdf/158-170.pdf</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>В данной работе анализируются закономерности ослабления мягколиственных древесных пород, приводится частота встречаемости наиболее распространенных внешних признаков патологий и их взаимосвязь с общим состоянием деревьев. Установлено, что наиболее часто встречающимся патологическим признаком у мягколиственных пород является усыхание ветвей (58,2% обследованных деревьев), на втором месте по встречаемости идут облом скелетных ветвей (14,9%) и наличие толстых скелетных ветвей в кроне (14,4%). Далее по мере уменьшения встречаемости признаков идут наклон ствола разной степени (13,9%), где преобладает наклон до 30°, различные патологии формы ствола (12,9%), наиболее частотным среди которых явилось раздвоение ствола, изгиб ствола относительно нормальной оси дерева (7%) и плодовые тела древоразрушающих грибов (4,1%). Наиболее устойчивой мягколиственной породой в обследованном насаждении оказалась липа мелколистная (Tilia cordata Mill.), на которой было зафиксировано наименьшее количество патологических признаков. Выявленные особенности внешнего проявления патологий позволят точнее определять категорию состояния деревьев и повысят объективность и достоверность лесопатологических обследований</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>This paper analyzes the patterns of weakening of soft-wooded broadleaved species, provides the frequency of occurrence of the most common external signs of pathologies and their relationship with the general condition of trees. It was found that the most common pathological sign in soft-wooded broadleaved species is drying out of branches (58.2% of the surveyed trees), followed by breakage of skeletal branches (14.9%) and the presence of thick skeletal branches in the crown (14.4% ). Further, as the occurrence of signs decreases, we see trunk inclination of varying degrees (13.9%), where inclination of up to 30° prevails, various pathologies of the trunk shape (12.9%), the most frequent among which was the bifurcation of the trunk, bending of the trunk relative to the normal axis of the tree (7%) and fruiting bodies of wood-destroying fungi (4.1%). Small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata Mill.) was the most stable species in the surveyed plantation, on which the least number of pathological signs was recorded. The revealed features of the external manifestation of pathologies will make it possible to determine the category of the tree state more accurately and increase objectivity and reliability of forest pathological examinations</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>патология деревьев</kwd>
    <kwd>признаки ослабления дерева</kwd>
    <kwd>внешнее проявление патологии дерева</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>tree pathology</kwd>
    <kwd>signs of tree weakening</kwd>
    <kwd>external manifestation of tree pathology</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Журавлев, И.И. Диагностика болезней леса [Текст] /И.И Журавлев. - М.: Издательства  сельскохозяйственной  литературы,  журналов  и  плакатов,  1962.-94 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhuravlev, I.I. Diagnostika bolezney lesa [Tekst] /I.I Zhuravlev. - M.: Izdatel'stva  sel'skohozyaystvennoy  literatury,  zhurnalov  i  plakatov,  1962.-94 s.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коровин,  В.В.  Структурные  аномалии:  случайность  или ... / В.В. Коровин, Г.А. Курносов //Лесной вестник.-М: МГУЛ, 2009.-№1.-С.26-31.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korovin,  V.V.  Strukturnye  anomalii:  sluchaynost'  ili ... / V.V. Korovin, G.A. Kurnosov //Lesnoy vestnik.-M: MGUL, 2009.-№1.-S.26-31.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Новикова,  Т.Н.  Качество  стволов  у  географических  потомств  сосны обыкновенной в условиях Западного Забайкалья / Т.Н. Новикова// Лесное хозяйство.-2006. -№6.-с 42-43</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novikova,  T.N.  Kachestvo  stvolov  u  geograficheskih  potomstv  sosny obyknovennoy v usloviyah Zapadnogo Zabaykal'ya / T.N. Novikova// Lesnoe hozyaystvo.-2006. -№6.-s 42-43</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Царалунга,  В.В.  Санитарные  рубки  в  дубравах: обновление, оптимизация / В.В. Царалунга - М.; МГУЛ, 2003.-240 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caralunga,  V.V.  Sanitarnye  rubki  v  dubravah: obnovlenie, optimizaciya / V.V. Caralunga - M.; MGUL, 2003.-240 s.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шутяев, А.М. Влияние повреждений верхушечной почки на рост дуба черешчатого / А.М. Шутяев //Лесоведение.-1969.- №6.- с.60-65.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shutyaev, A.M. Vliyanie povrezhdeniy verhushechnoy pochki na rost duba chereshchatogo / A.M. Shutyaev //Lesovedenie.-1969.- №6.- s.60-65.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asner, G.P. Progressive forest canopy water loss during the 2012-2015 California drought./ G.P. Asner, P.G. Brodrick, C.B. Anderson, N. Vaughn, D.E. Knapp, R.E. Martin // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, V.113, Is.2, 2016, P.E249-E255. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1523397113</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asner, G.P. Progressive forest canopy water loss during the 2012-2015 California drought./ G.P. Asner, P.G. Brodrick, C.B. Anderson, N. Vaughn, D.E. Knapp, R.E. Martin // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, V.113, Is.2, 2016, P.E249-E255. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1523397113</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brockerhoff, E.G. Ecology of forest insect invasions. / E.G. Brockerhoff, A.M. Liebhold // Biological Invasions. V.19, Is.11, 2017, P.3141-3159. DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1514-1.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brockerhoff, E.G. Ecology of forest insect invasions. / E.G. Brockerhoff, A.M. Liebhold // Biological Invasions. V.19, Is.11, 2017, P.3141-3159. DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1514-1.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Damien, M. Pest damage in mixed forests: Disentangling the effects of neighbor identity, host density and host apparency at different spatial scales / M. Damien, H. Jactel, C. Meredieu, M. Régolini, I. van Halder, B. Castagneyrol // Forest Ecology and Management. V.378, 2016, P.103-110. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.07.025</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Damien, M. Pest damage in mixed forests: Disentangling the effects of neighbor identity, host density and host apparency at different spatial scales / M. Damien, H. Jactel, C. Meredieu, M. Régolini, I. van Halder, B. Castagneyrol // Forest Ecology and Management. V.378, 2016, P.103-110. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.07.025</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Desprez-Loustau, M-L. / An evolutionary ecology perspective to address forest pathology challenges of today and tomorrow / M-L. Desprez-Loustau, J. Aguayo, C. Dutech, K.J. Hayden, C. Husson, B. Jakushkin, B. Marçais, D. Piou, C. Robin, C. Vacher // Annals of Forest Science. 2016. P.45-67. DOI 10.1007/s13595-015-0487-4</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Desprez-Loustau, M-L. / An evolutionary ecology perspective to address forest pathology challenges of today and tomorrow / M-L. Desprez-Loustau, J. Aguayo, C. Dutech, K.J. Hayden, C. Husson, B. Jakushkin, B. Marçais, D. Piou, C. Robin, C. Vacher // Annals of Forest Science. 2016. P.45-67. DOI 10.1007/s13595-015-0487-4</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ewing, C.J. Beech leaf disease: An emerging forest epidemic. / C.J. Ewing, C.E. Hausman, J. Pogacnik, J.Slot, P. Bonello // Forest Pathology. V.49, Is.2, 2019. DOI: 10.1111/efp.12488.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ewing, C.J. Beech leaf disease: An emerging forest epidemic. / C.J. Ewing, C.E. Hausman, J. Pogacnik, J.Slot, P. Bonello // Forest Pathology. V.49, Is.2, 2019. DOI: 10.1111/efp.12488.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kowalski, T. Pathogenicity of fungi associated with ash dieback towards Fraxinus excelsior / T.Kowalski, P. Bilański, W. Kraj // Plant Pathology. V.66, Is.8, 2017, P.1228-1238. DOI: 10.1111/ppa.12667</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kowalski, T. Pathogenicity of fungi associated with ash dieback towards Fraxinus excelsior / T.Kowalski, P. Bilański, W. Kraj // Plant Pathology. V.66, Is.8, 2017, P.1228-1238. DOI: 10.1111/ppa.12667</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malone, S.L. Monitoring changes in water use efficiency to understand drought induced tree mortality / Forests. V.8, Is.10, 2017. DOI: 10.3390/f8100365</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malone, S.L. Monitoring changes in water use efficiency to understand drought induced tree mortality / Forests. V.8, Is.10, 2017. DOI: 10.3390/f8100365</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manion, P.D. Evolution of concepts in forest pathology. / Phytopathology V.93, Is.8, 2003, p.1052-1055. DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.8.1052</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Manion, P.D. Evolution of concepts in forest pathology. / Phytopathology V.93, Is.8, 2003, p.1052-1055. DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.8.1052</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Olmo, D. Pathogenicity testing of lesser-known fungal trunk pathogens associated with wood decay of almond trees / D.Olmo, J.Armengol, M.León, D. Gramaje // European Journal of Plant Pathology. V.143, Is.3, 2015, P.607-611. DOI: 10.1007/s10658-015-0699-3.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olmo, D. Pathogenicity testing of lesser-known fungal trunk pathogens associated with wood decay of almond trees / D.Olmo, J.Armengol, M.León, D. Gramaje // European Journal of Plant Pathology. V.143, Is.3, 2015, P.607-611. DOI: 10.1007/s10658-015-0699-3.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
