Medical Radiology and radiation safety Medical Radiology and radiation safety Медицинская радиология и радиационная безопасность 1024-6177 2618-9615 39886 10.12737/1024-6177-2020-65-4-74-86 Радиационная эпидемиология Radiation epidemiology Радиационная эпидемиология Industry Workers of Russia and Great Britain Радиационный риск заболеваемости и смертности от лейкоза в объединенной когорте работников атомной отрасли России и Великобритании Кузнецова И. С. Kuznetsova I. S.

кандидат биологических наук;

candidate of sciences in biology;

 Гиллис М. Gillies M. Южно-Уральский институт биофизики Озерск Россия Southern Urals Biophysics Institute Ozersk Russian Federation Центр радиационной, химической и экологической опасности общественного здравоохранения Великобритании Оксфорд Россия Centre for Radiation Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England Oxford Russian Federation 65 4 74 86 https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/39886/view

Цель: Оценка радиационного риска заболеваемости и смертности от лейкоза при профессиональном облучении. Материал и методы: Исследование проведено в объединенной когорте из 45817 работников двух предприятий атомной промышленности: 22774 работника, нанятых в 1948–1982 гг. на основные производства ПО «Маяк» (г. Озёрск, РФ) и 23443 работника, нанятых в 1947–2002 гг. на предприятие в г. Селлафилд (Великобритания). Период наблюдения был ограничен 2008 г. для лиц, продолжающих жить в г. Озёрске и 2005 г. для остальных членов когорты. Результаты: Получены сопоставимые оценки радиационного риска заболеваемости и смертности от лейкоза среди работников ПО «Маяк» и Селлафилда как во всем диапазоне доз, так и в отдельных дозовых интервалах. Усредненная по возрасту оценка избыточного относительного риска на 1 Гр внешнего γ-облучения при использовании линейной зависимости составила 3,0 (95 % ДИ: 1,3–6,3). Наилучшее качество подгонки данных было получено при использовании квадратичной модели зависимости от дозы внешнего облучения с модификацией эффекта по достигнутому возрасту. Статистически значимый избыточный риск найден в области накопленных доз от 0,15 Гр. Не обнаружено зависимости лейкомогенной заболеваемости и смертности от дозы внутреннего α-облучения от инкорпорированного Pu-239. Заключение: Анализ данных продемонстрировал возможность проведения и результативность исследовательского проекта по изучению канцерогенных радиационных рисков в объединенной когорте работников ПО «Маяк» и Селлафилда. Данное исследование позволило получить дополнительное подтверждение уже установленной зависимости между внешним γ-облучением и риском возникновения лейкоза, однако оно не позволило подтвердить наличие или отсутствие связи с облучением плутонием.

Purpose: The estimation of the radiation risk of leukemia incidence and mortality for occupational exposure. Material and methods: The study was conducted in the pooled cohort comprised 45,817 workers from the two enterprises; 23,443 radiation workers first employed in 1947–2002 from the Sellafield plant (Great Britain) and 22,774 workers from the Mayak PA (Russia) first employed at the main plants in 1948–1982. The period of follow-up was terminated at the end of 2008 for Mayak workers who were Ozyorsk city residents, and at the end of 2005 for Sellafield workers and Mayak workers who had migrated from Ozyorsk. Results: Comparable radiation risk estimates of leukemia incidence and mortality were found among Mayak PA and Sellafield workers as for the whole dose range and separate dose intervals. Averaged by attained age estimate of excess relative risk per 1 Gy of external gamma-dose was 3.0 (95 % CI: 1.3–6.3) under the assumption of the linear dose–effect model. The quadratic model with attained age modification showed the best quality of fit. Risk estimates were statistically significant in the dose range 0.15–1.5 Gy. There was no evidence of any relationship between leukemia risks and accumulated red bone marrow dose of internal alpha-exposure due to incorporated Pu-239. Conclusion: Preliminary analysis of the pooled cohort data has demonstrated the feasibility and efficiency of a research project looking at leukemia risks in a joint cohort of Mayak and Sellafield workers. The current study provides further evidence about the already well established link between external-gamma exposure and leukemia risk. However, it fails to provide any firm further evidence about the absence or presence of relationship between plutonium exposure and leukemia risk.

 профессиональное облучение радиационный риск заболеваемость смертность лейкоз Россия Великобритания объединенная когорта occupational exposure radiation risk incidence mortality leukemia Russia Great Britain pooled cohort

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