Solar-Terrestrial Physics Solar-Terrestrial Physics Solar-Terrestrial Physics 2500-0535 39469 10.12737/stp-63202010 Results of current research Results of current research Results of current research Amplitude variations of the reflected signal during vertical sounding of the ionosphere at middle latitudes Amplitude variations of the reflected signal during vertical sounding of the ionosphere at middle latitudes Юсупов Камиль Маратович Yusupov Kamil Maratovich ukm84@mail.ru

кандидат физико-математических наук;

candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;

 Мэтьюз Джон Д. Mathews John D. Маруяма Такаши Maruyama Takashi tmaru@nict.go.jp Акчурин Адель Джавидович Akchurin Adel Dzhavidovich adel.akchurin@kpfu.ru

кандидат физико-математических наук;

candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;

 Толстиков Максим Валерьевич Tolstikov Maksim Valeryevich maxim@iszf.irk.ru

кандидат физико-математических наук;

candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;

 Шерстюков Олег Николаевич Sherstyukov Oleg Nikolaevich oleg.sherstyukov@kpfu.ru Филиппова Елена Алексеевна Filippova Elena Alekseevna elena.filippova@kpfu.ru Сафиуллин Анвар Субанович Safiullin Anvar Subanovich metskeysutemy@mail.ru Казанский Федеральный Университет Казань Россия Kazan Federal University Kazan Russian Federation Университет штата Пенсильвания Юниверсити-Парк США The Pennsylvania State University University Park United States of America Национальный институт информационных и коммуникационных технологий Токио Япония National Institute of Information and Communications Technology Tokyo Japan Казанский федеральный университет Казань Россия Kazan Federal University Kazan Russian Federation Казанский Федеральный Университет Казань Россия Kazan Federal University Kazan Russian Federation Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН Иркутск Россия Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS Irkutsk Russian Federation Казанский Федеральный Университет Казань Россия Kazan Federal University Kazan Russian Federation Казанский Федеральный Университет Казань Россия Kazan Federal University Kazan Russian Federation Казанский Федеральный Университет Казань Россия Kazan Federal University Kazan Russian Federation 6 3 72 80 https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/39469/view

In this paper, we discuss the main types of quasiperiodic variations in amplitudes of a reflected signal during vertical sounding of the ionosphere at middle latitudes. The initial experimental data is vertical sounding ionograms obtained by the Cyclone ionosonde. The ionosonde is located in Kazan (59°, 49°) and in standard mode allows us to receive one ionogram per minute. In the analysis, methods are used to visualize a large flow of ionograms in the form of final summary maps of the state of the ionosphere (A-, H-, As-maps). We give typical examples of quasiperiodic variations in amplitudes of a reflected signal in ionograms and on A-maps for various types of multipath beatings (polarization and due to signal scattering by ionospheric irregularities). Frequency properties of such beatings are used to estimate the difference in virtual reflection heights between modes of different polarizations with high accuracy, which makes it possible to refine the form of the electron density profile of the lower ionosphere. We have detected a phenomenon rare for the mid-latitude Es layer — beatings of two O modes with different virtual reflection heights. We also present features of quasiperiodic variations in amplitudes of a reflected signal on traces of the transient Es layer. We study possible causes of the appearance of such beatings.

In this paper, we discuss the main types of quasiperiodic variations in amplitudes of a reflected signal during vertical sounding of the ionosphere at middle latitudes. The initial experimental data is vertical sounding ionograms obtained by the Cyclone ionosonde. The ionosonde is located in Kazan (59°, 49°) and in standard mode allows us to receive one ionogram per minute. In the analysis, methods are used to visualize a large flow of ionograms in the form of final summary maps of the state of the ionosphere (A-, H-, As-maps). We give typical examples of quasiperiodic variations in amplitudes of a reflected signal in ionograms and on A-maps for various types of multipath beatings (polarization and due to signal scattering by ionospheric irregularities). Frequency properties of such beatings are used to estimate the difference in virtual reflection heights between modes of different polarizations with high accuracy, which makes it possible to refine the form of the electron density profile of the lower ionosphere. We have detected a phenomenon rare for the mid-latitude Es layer — beatings of two O modes with different virtual reflection heights. We also present features of quasiperiodic variations in amplitudes of a reflected signal on traces of the transient Es layer. We study possible causes of the appearance of such beatings.

 ionosonde ionogram ionosphere magnetoionic modes A-maps ionosonde ionogram ionosphere magnetoionic modes A-maps

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