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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Medical Radiology and radiation safety</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Medical Radiology and radiation safety</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Медицинская радиология и радиационная безопасность</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">1024-6177</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2618-9615</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">38938</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/1024-6177-2020-65-3-5-12</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Радиационная биология</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Radiation biology</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Радиационная биология</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Basic Approaches to the Extrapolation of Data of Animals to Human in Radiobiological Experiment</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Основные подходы к экстраполяции данных с животных на человека в радиобиологическом эксперименте</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Иванов</surname>
       <given-names>И. В.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Ivanov</surname>
       <given-names>I. V.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Ушаков</surname>
       <given-names>И. Б.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Ushakov</surname>
       <given-names>I. B.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный научно-исследовательский испытательный институт военной медицины</institution>
     <city>Санкт-Петербург</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">State Scientific Research Institute of the Military Medicine</institution>
     <city>St. Petersburg</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <volume>65</volume>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>5</fpage>
   <lpage>12</lpage>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/38938/view">https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/38938/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Цель: Обосновать основные подходы к переносу экспериментальных данных с лабораторных животных на человека в радиобиологии.&#13;
Материал и методы: Рассмотрены общие закономерности строения организма животных и человека и динамики процессов их жизнедеятельности, в том числе при воздействии различных факторов окружающей среды, а также тенденция их приближения в эволюционном ряду от низших млекопитающих к человеку. &#13;
Результаты: Выбор критериев и методов оценки состояния организма человека и сопоставления с таковыми у животных в моделируемых ситуациях систематизирован по трем основным уровням – физиолого-биохимическому, нейропсихологическому и социальному. К первому уровню отнесены параметры физиологических реакций, клинико-лабораторные и биохимические показатели, ко второму уровню – показатели, характеризующие функции высшей нервной деятельности, нейродинамические реакции, выполнение целенаправленных действий и психологических проявлений, к третьему уровню – характеристики межличностных взаимодействий. Рассмотрены виды, задачи и методики исследований, которые проводятся на мелких животных-грызунах (скрининговые) и на более крупных животных из других отрядов млекопитающих, более близких по эволюционному развитию и другим параметрам к человеку (углубленные). &#13;
Заключение: Показано, что при сопоставлении результатов исследований, полученных в опытах на животных и в наблюдениях на людях, важно использовать коэффициенты для количественного переноса данных с животных на человека, которые требуют тщательного обоснования с учетом межвидовых особенностей млекопитающих и человека.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Purpose: Substantiate the main directions of transferring experimental data from laboratory animals to humans.&#13;
Methods: The general patterns of the structure of the organism of animals and humans and the dynamics of the processes of their vital activity, including under the influence of various environmental factors, as well as the tendency of their approximation in the evolutionary series from lower mammals to humans are considered.&#13;
Results: The choice of criteria and methods for assessing the state of the human body and comparison with those in animals in simulated situations is systematized according to 3 main levels – physiological-biochemical, neuropsychological and social. Parameters of physiological reactions, clinical laboratory and biochemical parameters are assigned to level 1, parameters characterizing the functions of higher nervous activity, neurodynamic reactions, targeted actions and psychological manifestations to level 2, characteristics of interpersonal interactions to level 3. The types, tasks and methods of research that are carried out on small rodent animals (screening) and on larger animals from other mammalian orders that are closer in terms of evolutionary development and other parameters to humans (in-depth) are considered.&#13;
Conclusion: It is shown that when comparing the results of studies obtained in animal experiments and in human observations, it is important to use coefficients for the quantitative transfer of data from animals to humans, which require careful substantiation taking into account the interspecific characteristics of mammals and humans.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>радиобиология</kwd>
    <kwd>медико-биологический эксперимент</kwd>
    <kwd>лабораторные животные</kwd>
    <kwd>коэффициенты экстраполяции</kwd>
    <kwd>параметры физиологических реакций</kwd>
    <kwd>клинико-лабораторные показатели</kwd>
    <kwd>высшая нервная деятельность</kwd>
    <kwd>нейродинамические реакции</kwd>
    <kwd>межличностные взаимодействия</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>radiobiology</kwd>
    <kwd>biomedical experiment</kwd>
    <kwd>laboratory animals</kwd>
    <kwd>extrapolation coefficients</kwd>
    <kwd>parameters of physiological reactions</kwd>
    <kwd>clinical and laboratory indicators</kwd>
    <kwd>higher nervous activity</kwd>
    <kwd>neurodynamic reactions</kwd>
    <kwd>interpersonal interactions</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
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