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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Safety in Technosphere</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Safety in Technosphere</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Безопасность в техносфере</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">1998-071X</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">13325</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/21724</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Чрезвычайные ситуации</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Emergency</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Чрезвычайные ситуации</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Physical Modeling of Non-Stationary Fire Whirls by Burning of Solid Fuel Pellets</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Физическое моделирование нестационарных огненных вихрей при горении таблеток твердого топлива</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Дермер</surname>
       <given-names>П. Б.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Dermer</surname>
       <given-names>P. Б.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>dermer@bmstu.ru</email>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Вараксин</surname>
       <given-names>А. Ю.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Varaksin</surname>
       <given-names>A. Yu.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>varaksin_a@mail.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Объединённый институт высоких температур Российской академии наук</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-06-25T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2016</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-06-25T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2016</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>5</volume>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>65</fpage>
   <lpage>70</lpage>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/13325/view">https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/13325/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Приводятся результаты экспериментального исследования свободных нестационарных огненных вихрей. Генерация вихревых структур происходила при&#13;
горении таблеток уротропина (гексаметилентетрамина), расположенных&#13;
на подстилающей поверхности (лист алюминия). В отличие от большинства&#13;
предыдущих исследований в экспериментах не использовались механические закручивающие устройства и боковой воздушный поток для получения огненных&#13;
вихревых структур. Проверялось предположение, что генерация огненных вихрей происходила вследствие неустойчивости процесса горения. В результате&#13;
экспериментов получены данные об условиях генерации (количество таблеток,&#13;
время начала генерации, мощность тепловыделения) огненных вихрей и их интегральных параметрах (время жизни, высота, диаметр).</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The results of experimental study of wall-free non-stationary fire vortices are presented. The generation of vortical&#13;
structures occurred by the burning of pellets of urotropine (hexamethylenetetramine) located on the underlying surface&#13;
(sheet of aluminum). Unlike most previous research experiments the mechanical twisting devices and the shear air stream&#13;
to get fire vortex structures were not used. It was assumed that the generation of fire whirls occurred due to the instability&#13;
of the combustion process. Experimental data on the conditions of fire whirls generation (number of pellets, generation&#13;
start time and thermal power) and their integral parameters (life time, height and diameter) have been received.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>нестационарные огненные вихри</kwd>
    <kwd>генерация огненных вихрей</kwd>
    <kwd>физическое моделирование.</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>non-stationary fire whirls</kwd>
    <kwd>generation of fire whirls</kwd>
    <kwd>physical modeling.</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p>1. ВведениеОгненные смерчи наряду с воздушными смерчами являются примерами экологических катастроф, наносящими большой ущерб окружающей среде и приводящими к многочисленным разрушениям и жертвам. Огненные вихри — вертикально ориентированные вращающиеся огненные факелы, драматически увеличивающие опасность природных и техногенных пожаров и их последствия [1, 2]. По сравнению с воздушными смерчами огненные смерчи довольно редкие природные явления, возникают при крупных лесных пожарах, массовых пожарах в городах и авариях на крупных пожароопасных объектах нефтехимии, лесоперерабатывающей промышленности и др. (рис. 1 на с. 2 обложки). Последствиями атомной бомбардировки Хиросимы и массированных бомбежек Гамбурга и Дрездена военно-воздушными силами США во время второй мировой войны стали опасные продолжительные неуправляемые пожары [3]. После множественных одновременных возгораний в условиях города, плотно насыщенного горючими материалами, пламена сливались, образуя однородно горящую площадь, вследствие чего возникали огненные смерчи.</p>
 </body>
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