In the context of the increasing anthropogenic impact on the environment, ensuring compliance with environmental legislation is becoming critically important. Prosecutorial supervision plays a key role in protecting the constitutional rights of citizens to a favorable environment. However, its effectiveness faces a number of systemic problems, including imperfect legal regulation, deficiencies in the organization of oversight activities, and the difficulty of bringing perpetrators to justice. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of problematic aspects of prosecutorial supervision in the environmental field, such as declarative and fragmented legislation, insufficient analytical work, substitution by the prosecutor of the functions of other regulatory bodies, as well as personnel and logistical constraints. Based on the study of modern law enforcement practice and scientific research, specific solutions to the identified problems are proposed. Among them are the improvement of environmental legislation, including possible codification, the introduction of a risk—based approach to audit planning, increased coordination between law enforcement and regulatory authorities, as well as professional development of prosecutors and the development of international cooperation in the field of environmental safety. The implementation of the proposed measures will help to increase the effectiveness of prosecutorial supervision, strengthen the rule of law and ensure the environmental safety of the Russian Federation.