Sankt-Peterburg, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Tula, Russian Federation
UDC 61
Modern diagnosis of rectal cancer (RC) includes standard and special examination methods and tests. A physical examination of patients with suspected RC with anamnesis and examination, including a finger rectal examination, is still informative. The diagnostic specificity of the CEA and CA 19-9 cancer markers in the diagnosis of RC is limited; the definition of the SCC cancer marker, due to its specificity, is quite informative in the diagnosis of squamous cell RC. The main method of diagnosis of RC is endoscopic examination – colonoscopy or rectoscopy with biopsy. In detecting early RC, the sensitivity and specificity of the endoscopic method increases with the use of methods such as magnifying endoscopy, narrow-spectrum endoscopy, chromoendoscopy, and fluorescence diagnostics. To assess the prevalence of the tumor process, MRI, CT with intravenous contrast, in particular CT colonography, are used. There has been progress in research using artificial intelligence based on MRI in assessing the stage, predicting high-risk factors, genotyping, response to therapy, recurrence, metastasis, and prognosis in RC. Transabdominal ultrasound of the abdominal organs, transrectal and endorectal ultrasound, supplemented with elastography, if necessary, provides sufficient information. PET-CT is indicated for suspected metastases based on CT or MRI data in cases where their confirmation fundamentally changes treatment tactics. In addition, PET-CT is mainly used to evaluate the results of antitumor treatment. The results of a molecular genetic study influence the choice of targeted therapy for a predominantly metastatic process in RC. Indicators of detection and accurate staging of early RC can be improved using endoscopic optical assessment and imaging techniques such as high-resolution MRI, contrast-enhanced endocrine ultrasound and PET-CT.
rectal cancer, endoscopic examination, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, positron emission tomography, laboratory methods.
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29. Ciocan R.A., Ciocan A., Mihăileanu F.V. et al. Metabolic signatures: pioneering the frontier of rectal cancer diagnosis and response to neoadjuvant treatment with biomarkers – a systematic review //International journal of molecular sciences. 2024. Vol. 25, № 4. P. 2381.
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31. Feng W., Zhu L., Xia Y. et al. Deep learning-based reconstruction: a reliability assessment in preoperative magnetic resonance imaging for primary rectal cancer //Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery. 2024. Vol. 14, № 12. P. 8927.
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36. Lewandowska A., Rudzki G., Lewandowski T. et al. Risk factors for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer //Cancer control. 2022. Vol. 29. R. 10732748211056692.
37. Li X., Huang K., Liu Y. et al. Diagnostic advantages of transrectal ultrasound with gastrointestinal agent instillation for rectal adenoma and early-stage rectal cancer: comparison of conventional transrectal ultrasound techniques //Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery. 2024. Vol. 14, № 3. P. 2455.
38. Liu M., Cui N., Sun C. et al. A prospective study on using shear wave elastography to predict the ypT0 stage of rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy: a new support for the watch-and-wait approach? //Frontiers in molecular biosciences. 2024. Vol. 11. P. 1402498.
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40. Ouchi A., Iwahori Y., Suzuki K. et al. Artificial intelligence imaging diagnosis using super-resolution and 3D shape for lymph node metastasis of low rectal cancer: a pilot study from a single center //Diseases of the colon & rectum. 2024. №. 10. R. 1097.
41. Pinheiro M., Moreira D.N., Ghidini M. Colon and rectal cancer: An emergent public health problem //World journal of gastroenterology. 2024. Vol. 30, № 7. P. 644.
42. Ponomaryova A.A., Rykova E.Y., Solovyova A. I. et al. Dynamic changes in circulating methylated markers in response to antitumor therapy of rectal cancer //Journal of gastrointestinal cancer. 2024. Vol. 55. R. 1190-1198.
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54. Afonina T.S. Aspekty klinicheskoy i laboratornoy diagnostiki raka kishechnika //International journal. 2022. T. 5, № 5. S. 139-143.
55. Bagryancev M.V., Yanyshev A.A., Ryabkov M.G. i dr. Diagnostika kolorektal'nogo raka i adenomatoznogo polipa tolstoy kishki po urovnyu ekspressii mikroRNK v slizistoy obolochke (pilotnoe klinicheskoe issledovanie) //Sovremennye tehnologii v medicine. – 2024. T. 16, № 5. S. 45-53.
56. Bozhenko V.K., Goncharov S.V., Zaharenko M.V. i dr. Analiz ekspressii matrichnoy RNK paneli genov morfologicheski neizmenennogo epiteliya pryamoy kishki kak metod ranney diagnostiki patologii tolstoy kishki //Uspehi molekulyarnoy onkologii. 2023. T. 10, № 4. S. 97-107.
57. Gaulika V.O., Parsadanyan A.M., Kuzecov E.V. Rol' fibrokolonoskopicheskoy diagnostiki pri ocenke riska progressirovaniya rannego kolorektal'nogo raka //Medicina. Sociologiya. Filosofiya. Prikladnye issledovaniya. 2023. № 5. S. 4-7.
58. Grishko P.Yu., Amelina I.D., Kulish A.V. i dr. Prognosticheskie vozmozhnosti magnitno-rezonansnoy tomografii v ocenke otveta na neoad'yuvantnoe lechenie mestnorasprostranennogo raka pryamoy kishki //Voprosy onkologii. 2023. T. 69, № 3S. S. 90-91.
59. Duvanskiy V.A., Belkov A.V. Vozmozhnosti modificirovannogo rezhima tehnologii spektral'nogo cvetovogo vydeleniya v diagnostike poverhnostnyh epitelial'nyh novoobrazovaniy tolstoy kishki //Eksperiment. i klin. gastroenterologiya. 2022. №. 5 (201). S. 154-157.
60. Eligulashvili R.R., Zarodnyuk I.V., Achkasov S.I. i dr. Primenenie iskusstvennogo intellekta v MRT diagnostike raka pryamoy kishki //Koloproktologiya. 2022. T. 21, № 1. S. 26-36.
61. Ivanova D.A., Safonova M.A. Informativnost' magnitno-rezonansnoy tomografii v diagnostike opuholevogo porazheniya pryamoy kishki na fone kombinirovannogo lecheniya //Acta Medica Eurasica. 2022. № 3. S. 12-19.
62. Klinicheskie rekomendacii obscheros. obsch. organizacii «Rossiyskoe obschestvo klin. onkologii», Rossiyskogo obschestva specialistov po kolorektal'nomu raku, obscheros. obschestv. organizaciya «Associaciya koloproktologov Rossii», obscheros. nac. soyuza «Associaciya onkologov Rossii». Rak pryamoy kishki. M, 2022. 111s.
63. Kozyrev A.D., Agurina N.V. Vozmozhnosti magnitno-rezonansnoy tomografii v diagnostike raka nizhneampulyarnogo otdela pryamoy kishki //Innovacionnaya medicina Kubani. 2024. № 4-1. S. 36-37.
64. Malikov Ya.V., Ivanova E.V., Fedorov E.D. Sovremennaya endoskopicheskaya harakteristika epitelial'nyh novoobrazovaniy tolstoy kishki v hode skriningovoy kolonoskopii //Medicinskiy alfavit. 2022. T. 1, № 18. S. 7-12.
65. Obloberdieva P.O., Shavkatova Sh. Sh. Modificirovannaya MRT-traktografiya pri lokal'noy stadii raka pryamoy kishki //Central Asian journal of medical and natural science. – 2023. T. 4, № 3. S. 790-804.
66. Oschepkova S.Yu., Mironchenkov M.V., Mironchenkova E.S. Kolorektal'nyy rak. Osnovnye aspekty diagnostiki i lecheniya //Sovremennaya nauka: aktual'nye voprosy, dostizheniya i innovacii. 2022. S. 208-211.
67. Ponomareva A.A., Rykova E.Yu., Tarasova A.S. i dr. Metilirovannye DNK-markery dlya ocenki effektivnosti terapii pri rake pryamoy kishki //Voprosy onkologii. 2023. T. 69, № 3S. S. 333-334.
68. Salimova A.A., Makarova M.V., Kurdanova M.Yu. i dr. Vozmozhnost' endoskopicheskih metodov v ocenke radikal'nosti himioluchevoy terapii u bol'nyh rakom pryamoy kishki //Hirurgiya i onkologiya. 2024. T. 14, № 2. S. 48-53.
69. Saharchuk T.V. Vozmozhnosti ul'trazvukovogo issledovaniya v diagnostike raka pryamoy kishki //Medicinskie novosti. 2021. № 10 (325). S. 27-29.
70. Semionkin E.I., Lukanin R.V., Ogorel'cev A.Yu. i dr. Transabdominal'noe ul'trazvukovoe issledovanie v diagnostike kolorektal'nogo raka //Vest. Nacional'nogo mediko-hirurgicheskogo Centra im. NI Pirogova. 2022. T. 17, № 2. S. 40-42.
71. Sokolov V.N., Rozhkovskaya G.M. Rol' MSKT, MRT, DVI, PET/KT i virtual'noy endoskopii v vyyavlenii patologii tolstoy kishki i kolorektal'nogo raka //The 8 th International scientific and practical conference «Modern science: innovations and prospects» (May 1-3, 2022) SSPG Publish, Stockholm, Sweden. 2022. 459 p. 2022. S.108.
72. Suhin D.G., Pirogov S.S., Vodoleev A.S. i dr. Endoskopicheskaya diagnostika i lechenie «rannego» raka anal'nogo kanala //Eksperiment. i klin. gastroenterologiya. 2022. № 5 (201). S. 103-109.
73. Fedorov D.S., Kalyuzhin O.V., Afanas'ev S.S. i dr. Skriningovaya diagnostika raka kishechnika po rezul'tatam metaeksposomnogo issledovaniya //Epidemiologiya i infekcionnye bolezni. 2024. T. 29, № 1. S. 58-64.
74. Fedyanin M.Yu., Gladkov O.A., Gordeev S.S. i dr. Rak obodochnoy kishki, rektosigmoidnogo soedineniya i pryamoy kishki. Prakticheskie rekomendacii RUSSCO, chast' 1. //Zlokachestvennye opuholi. 2023. T. 13, № 3s2-1. S. 425-482.
75. Frolov S.A., Orlov A.E., Kaganov O.I. i dr. Sovremennye podhody k ocenke otveta raka pryamoy kishki na neoad'yuvantnoe lechenie //Sovremennaya onkologiya. 2024. T. 26, № 3. S. 348-352.
76. Chetveryakov A.V. Znachenie ingibiruyuschey molekuly CTLA-4 i ee liganda B7-2 v patogeneze i diagnostike kolorektal'nogo raka //Zlokachestvennye opuholi. 2022. T. 12, № 3S1. S. 121-121.
77. Scherbina O.V., Koval' O.V., Zhayvoronok M.N. i dr. Vozmozhnosti ul'trasonografii v diagnostike raka pryamoy kishki //Azerbaydzhanskiy medicinskiy zhurnal. 2022. № 4. S. 128-135.
78. Al-Bourini O., Biggemann L., Seif A. Staging and diagnostics of rectal cancer //Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie. 2024. Vol. 149, № 1. P. 37-45.
79. Binda C., Secco M., Tuccillo L. et al. Early rectal cancer and local excision: a narrative review //Journal of clinical medicine. 2024. Vol. 13, № 8. P. 2292.
80. Chen M., Huang S., Luo M. et al. Radiological characteristics and diagnostic clues for persistent descending mesocolon in patients with rectal cancer //Langenbeck's archives of surgery. 2024. Vol. 409, № 1. P. 43.
81. Chiloiro G., Cusumano D., de Franco P. et al. Does restaging MRI radiomics analysis improve pathological complete response prediction in rectal cancer patients? A prognostic model development //La radiologia medica. 2022. Vol.127, № 1. P. 11-20.
82. Ciocan R.A., Ciocan A., Mihăileanu F.V. et al. Metabolic signatures: pioneering the frontier of rectal cancer diagnosis and response to neoadjuvant treatment with biomarkers – a systematic review //International journal of molecular sciences. 2024. Vol. 25, № 4. P. 2381.
83. El Khababi N., Beets-Tan R.G., Tissier R. et al. Comparison of MRI response evaluation methods in rectal cancer: a multicentre and multireader validation study //European radiology. 2023. Vol. 33, № 6. P. 4367-4377.
84. Feng W., Zhu L., Xia Y. et al. Deep learning-based reconstruction: a reliability assessment in preoperative magnetic resonance imaging for primary rectal cancer //Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery. 2024. Vol. 14, № 12. P. 8927.
85. Jepsen D. N. M., Høeg H., Bzorek M. et al. Digitally assessed lymphocyte infiltration in rectal cancer biopsies is associated with pathological response to neoadjuvant therapy //Human pathology. 2024. Vol. 144. P. 61-70.
86. Jiang X., Zhao H., Saldanha O. L. et al. An MRI deep learning model predicts outcome in rectal cancer //Radiology. 2023. Vol. 307, № 5. P. e222223.
87. Kasai S., Hino H., Hatakeyama K. et al. Risk factors for lateral lymph node metastasis based on the molecular profiling of rectal cancer //Colorectal disease. 2024. Vol. 26, № 1. P. 45-53.
88. Lang D., Ciombor K.K. Diagnosis and management of rectal cancer in patients younger than 50 years: rising global incidence and unique challenges //Journal of the national comprehensive cancer network. 2022. Vol. 20, № 10. P. 1169-1175.
89. Lewandowska A., Rudzki G., Lewandowski T. et al. Risk factors for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer //Cancer control. 2022. Vol. 29. R. 10732748211056692.
90. Li X., Huang K., Liu Y. et al. Diagnostic advantages of transrectal ultrasound with gastrointestinal agent instillation for rectal adenoma and early-stage rectal cancer: comparison of conventional transrectal ultrasound techniques //Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery. 2024. Vol. 14, № 3. P. 2455.
91. Liu M., Cui N., Sun C. et al. A prospective study on using shear wave elastography to predict the ypT0 stage of rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy: a new support for the watch-and-wait approach? //Frontiers in molecular biosciences. 2024. Vol. 11. P. 1402498.
92. Lo A., Le B., Colin-Escobar J. et al. Disparities in diagnostic imaging for initial local staging for rectal cancer //Journal of the American college of radiology. 2024. Vol. 21, № 1. P. 154-164.
93. Ouchi A., Iwahori Y., Suzuki K. et al. Artificial intelligence imaging diagnosis using super-resolution and 3D shape for lymph node metastasis of low rectal cancer: a pilot study from a single center //Diseases of the colon & rectum. 2024. №. 10. R. 1097.
94. Pinheiro M., Moreira D.N., Ghidini M. Colon and rectal cancer: An emergent public health problem //World journal of gastroenterology. 2024. Vol. 30, № 7. P. 644.
95. Ponomaryova A.A., Rykova E.Y., Solovyova A. I. et al. Dynamic changes in circulating methylated markers in response to antitumor therapy of rectal cancer //Journal of gastrointestinal cancer. 2024. Vol. 55. R. 1190-1198.
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