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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Natural Sciences Research</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Natural Sciences Research</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Журнал естественнонаучных исследований</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2500-0489</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2500-0489</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">91681</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Медицинские науки</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>MEDICINE SCIENCE</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Медицинские науки</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">An interdisciplinary approach to understanding  the origin of cancer: the synergy of cognition</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Междисциплинарный подход в осмыслении происхождения рака: синергия познания</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Березникова</surname>
       <given-names>Д. А.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Bereznikova</surname>
       <given-names>D. A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Станоевич</surname>
       <given-names>У. </given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Stanoevich</surname>
       <given-names>U. </given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор медицинских наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of medical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Чальцева</surname>
       <given-names>Т. А.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Chaltseva</surname>
       <given-names>Tatyana A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>T.A.C.2002@yandex.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат исторических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of historical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Курский государственный медицинский университет</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Kursk State Medical University</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-08T23:20:50+03:00">
    <day>08</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-08T23:20:50+03:00">
    <day>08</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>9</volume>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <fpage>12</fpage>
   <lpage>16</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-11-12T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>12</day>
     <month>11</month>
     <year>2024</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-11-13T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>13</day>
     <month>11</month>
     <year>2024</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/91681/view">https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/91681/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Онкологические заболевания — сложная и пугающая группа патологий, поражает многоклеточные организмы на протяжении многих лет. Хотя &quot;лекарства&quot; не существует, философская наука вносит свой вклад в развитие онкологии благодаря новым научным знаниям и пониманию патогенеза. Биологическая сложность и гетерогенность рака создают проблемы для диагностики, контроля и лечения. Концептуальная ясность имеет решающее значение, как, например, при определении понятий &quot;раковых стволовых клеток&quot; или &quot;опухолеассоциированных генов&quot;. Междисциплинарная интеграция методов и знаний может обогатить понимание рака и предложить новые терапевтические направления. Последние достижения в области технологий  геномного секвенирования привели к постоянно расширяющемуся списку потенциальных онкогенов, что усложняет понимание того, какие мутации играют причинную роль в развитии рака. Опухоли состоят из гетерогенных клеток и меняются с течением времени, что превращает прогрессирование рака в эволюционный процесс, называемый &quot;клональной эволюцией&quot;. Новые технологии геномного секвенирования и филогенетические методы были применены для раскрытия эволюции раковых клеток, но несколько концептуальных вопросов остаются открытыми, в частности, относительно точной роли &quot;естественного отбора&quot; в раке и способности развивать и поддерживать гетерогенность раковых клеток у пациента. Междисциплинарный подход в понимании рака обладает значительным потенциалом для ускорения изучения и переосмысления онкологического процесса, способствуя многоплановым дискуссиям между зарубежными и отечественными коллегами, разделению причинно-следственных связей в развитии рака и дальнейшему изучению интерпретации патогенеза.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Oncological diseases are a complex and frightening group of pathologies that have been affecting multicellular organisms for many years. Although there is no &quot;cure&quot;, philosophical science contributes to the development of oncology through new scientific knowledge and understanding of pathogenesis. The biological complexity and heterogeneity of cancer pose challenges for diagnosis, control and treatment. Conceptual clarity is crucial, as, for example, when defining &quot;cancer stem cells&quot; or &quot;tumor-associated genes&quot;. Interdisciplinary integration of methods and knowledge can enrich the understanding of cancer and offer new therapeutic directions. Recent advances in genomic sequencing technologies have led to an ever-expanding list of potential oncogenes, making it more difficult to understand which mutations play a causal role in the development of cancer. Tumors are made up of heterogeneous cells and change over time, which turns the progression of cancer into an evolutionary process called &quot;clonal evolution.&quot; New genomic sequencing technologies and phylogenetic methods have been applied to uncover the evolution of cancer cells, but several conceptual questions remain open, in particular regarding the exact role of &quot;natural selection&quot; in cancer and the ability to develop and maintain the heterogeneity of cancer cells in a patient. An interdisciplinary approach to understanding cancer has significant potential to accelerate the study and rethinking of the oncological process, contributing to multifaceted discussions between foreign and domestic colleagues, the separation of cause-and-effect relationships in the development of cancer and further study of the interpretation of pathogenesis.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>рак</kwd>
    <kwd>биология рака</kwd>
    <kwd>междисциплинарный подход</kwd>
    <kwd>гены – драйверы</kwd>
    <kwd>эволюция</kwd>
    <kwd>естественный отбор</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>cancer</kwd>
    <kwd>cancer biology</kwd>
    <kwd>interdisciplinary approach</kwd>
    <kwd>driver genes</kwd>
    <kwd>evolution</kwd>
    <kwd>natural selection</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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