Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika Солнечно-земная физика 2712-9640 89278 10.12737/szf-112202507 Результаты исследований Results of current research Результаты исследований Regional electron content responses to geomagnetic events at high, middle, and equatorial latitudes obtained by superposed epoch method using AE index Отклики регионального электронного содержания на геомагнитные события в высоких, средних и экваториальных широтах, полученные методом наложенных эпох с использованием AE-индекса https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0847-3553 Ратовский Константин Геннадьевич Ratovsky Konstantin Gennadyevich ratovsky@iszf.irk.ru

кандидат физико-математических наук;

candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;

 Клименко Максим Владимирович Klimenko Maksim Vladimirovich maksim.klimenko@mail.ru

кандидат физико-математических наук;

candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;

 Веснин Артем Михайлович Vesnin Artem Mihaylovich artem_vesnin@iszf.irk.ru Белюченко Куприян Владимирович Belyuchenko Kupriyan Vladimirovich kdei@list.ru Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН Иркутск Россия Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS Irkutsk Russian Federation Западное отделение ИЗМИРАН Калининград Россия WD IZMIRAN Kaliningrad Russian Federation Балтийский федеральный университет имени И. Канта Калининград Россия I. Kant Baltic Federal University Kaliningrad Russian Federation Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН Иркутск Россия Institute of Solar Terrestrial Physics SB RAS Irkutsk Russian Federation Балтийский федеральный университет им. Иммануила Канта Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University 26 06 2025 26 06 2025 11 2 79 88 02 10 2024 02 04 2025 https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/89278/view

Статья посвящена исследованию статистических закономерностей откликов регионального электронного содержания на геомагнитные события в высоких, средних и экваториальных широтах. Региональное электронное содержание представляет собой полное электронное содержание, усредненное по всем долготам в данной широтной зоне. Статистический анализ включает следующие составляющие: 1) идентификация геомагнитных событий на основе AE-индекса и расчет «эталонных» геомагнитных бурь; 2) расчет регионального электронного содержания (REC) для пяти широтных зон (экваториальная зона, среднеширотные зоны Северного и Южного полушарий и высокоширотные зоны Северного и Южного полушарий); 3) расчет возмущений REC (ΔREC), представляющих собой относительные (процентные) отклонения наблюдаемых значений от 27-дневного скользящего среднего значения REC; 4) получение «эталонного» ионосферного отклика в виде динамики среднего ΔREC, полученной методом наложенных эпох. Метод наложенных эпох реализован с часовым разрешением и ключевыми моментами, соответствующими максимуму AE-индекса. По сравнению с нашим предыдущим статистическим анализом, реализованным с суточным разрешением на основе идентификации геомагнитных бурь с использованием Dst-индекса, новый метод привел к существенному возрастанию амплитуды отклика и сокращению его продолжительности. Сезонное поведение ионосферных откликов было проанализировано на предмет соответствия концепции термосферной бури. Отклики экваториальной зоны и среднеширотной зоны Южного полушария соответствуют концепции термосферной бури. В среднеширотной зоне Северного полушария имеет место ряд исключений. Отклики высокоширотной зоны показывают необходимость учета механизмов формирования положительных возмущений, которые отсутствуют в концепции термосферной бури.

The paper studies statistical patterns of regional electron content responses to geomagnetic events at high, middle, and equatorial latitudes. The regional electron content is the total electron content averaged over all longitudes in a given latitudinal zone. The statistical analysis includes the following: 1) identification of geomagnetic events based on the AE index and calculation of “reference” geomagnetic storms; 2) calculation of the regional electron content (REC) for five latitudinal zones (equatorial zone, mid-latitude zones of the Northern and Southern hemispheres, and high-latitude zones of the Northern and Southern hemispheres); 3) calculation of REC disturbances (ΔREC), which are relative (percentage) deviations of the observed values, from the 27-day running mean of REC and 4) obtaining the “reference” ionospheric response in the form of the dynamics of average ΔREC, obtained by the superposed epoch method. The superposed epoch method is implemented with the hourly resolution and key moments corresponding to the AE index maximum. Compared with our previous statistical analysis, implemented with daily resolution based on geomagnetic storm identification by the Dst index, the new method leads to a significant increase in the amplitude and the time-focusing of the response. The seasonal behavior of ionospheric responses was analyzed for correspondence to the thermospheric storm concept. The responses of the equatorial and mid-latitude zones of the Southern Hemisphere fit the thermospheric storm concept. In the mid-latitude zone of the Northern Hemisphere, there are a number of exceptions. The responses of the high-latitude zone show the need to take into account the mechanisms behind the formation of positive disturbances, which are absent in the thermospheric storm concept.

 ионосферный отклик геомагнитная буря статистика метод наложенных эпох AE-индекс ionospheric response geomagnetic storm statistics superposed epoch method AE index Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-27-00213 The research was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Grant No. 23-27-00213)

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