Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Техника и технология пищевых производств 2074-9414 2313-1748 84859 10.21603/2074-9414-2024-2-2509 ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ ORIGINAL ARTICLE ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ Phytochemical and antioxidant composition of crude water extracts of Chlorella vulgaris and its effects on Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth in an ethanolic medium Влияние фитохимического и антиоксидантного составов необработанных водных экстрактов Chlorella vulgaris на рост Saccharomyces cerevisiae в спиртовой среде https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8108-6787 Окечукву Квинси Нзубечукву Okechukwu Queency N. queencyokechukwu@gmail.com Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина Екатеринбург Россия Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin Yekaterinburg Russian Federation 03 07 2024 03 07 2024 54 2 298 309 13 11 2023 09 01 2024 https://fptt.ru/en/issues/22705/22686/

Хлорелла обыкновенная имеет высокое содержание вторичных метаболитов, которые защищают от воздействия внешней среды и способствуют детоксикации. Биоактивные соединения, экстрагированные из Chlorella vulgaris, могут усиливать рост микроорганизмов и детоксицировать их в спиртовой среде. В данном исследовании описали биологически активные соединения, обнаруженные в C. vulgaris, и их влияние на рост Saccharomyces cerevisiae, культивируемых в этанольной среде. Биоактивные соединения извлекались из C. vulgaris при помощи ультразвука; в качестве растворителя применялась вода. В экстрактах анализировали общее содержание фенолов и флавоноидов. Антиоксидантные свойства и защитный потенциал для S. cerevisiae в спиртовой среде изучали через радикальную активность ДФПГ и активность по удалению перекиси водорода. В течение 23 дней экстракты в концентрациях 0,1, 0,5, 1, 2, 3 и 4 % мас./об. добавляли в культуру S. cerevisiae, индуцированную 1 % об./об. этанола. Плотность и жизнеспособность дрожжевых клеток измеряли через 2, 5, 9, 13, 17 и 23 дня. Экстракты хлореллы обыкновенной богаты фенолами и флавоноидами, которые являются важными биологически активными соединениями. Высокие концентрации экстрактов увеличивали общее количество фенолов до 47,67 GAE мг/л, а общее количество флавоноидов до 218,67 QE мг/л. Антиоксидантный состав экстрактов показал высокую активность ДФПГ (70,12 %) и активность по связыванию H2O2 (4,97 %). Через 23 дня образцы, обработанные экстрактами C. vulgaris, сохраняли высокую жизнеспособность дрожжевых клеток. Образцы, содержащие 2, 4, 0,1 и 1 % экстракта, продемонстрировали жизнеспособность клеток в объеме 95,75, 94,04, 89,15 и 74 % соответственно. Положительный контроль (1 % этанол) и отрицательный контроль (дрожжи) имели жизнеспособность 47,71 и 21,01 % соответственно. Такое снижение жизнеспособности произошло из-за лизиса дрожжевых клеток, вызванного этанолом. Ультразвуковая экстракция с водой в качестве растворителя привела к образованию обильных полезных вторичных метаболитов C. vulgaris. Добавление экстракта C. vulgaris на протяжении 27 дней повысило жизнеспособность и плотность клеток S. cerevisiae, что защищало дрожжевые клетки от токсического воздействия этанола.

Chlorella vulgaris is rich in secondary metabolites that defend against environmental stress and aid in detoxification. In particular, bioactive compounds extracted from C. vulgaris may enhance the growth of microorganisms and detoxify them in an ethanolic medium. We aimed to effectively extract and characterize bioactive compounds found in C. vulgaris and further test them for their beneficial effects on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultured in an ethanolic medium. Bioactive compounds in C. vulgaris were extracted using ultrasound and water as solvents. The extracts were analyzed for total phenol and flavonoid contents as part of their phytochemical composition. Their DPPH radical activity and Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity were examined to determine their antioxidant properties and protective potential for S. cerevisiae in an ethanolic medium. Further, the extracts were added at 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4% w/v concentrations into S. cerevisiae culture induced with 1% v/v ethanol for 23 days. The yeast cells’ density and viability were measured after 2, 5, 9, 13, 17, and 23 days. The extracts of C. vulgaris were rich in phenols and flavonoids, which are important bioactive compounds. Higher concentrations of the extracts increased total phenols up to 47.67 GAE mg/L and total flavonoids up to 218.67 QE mg/L. The extracts’ antioxidant composition showed high DPPH activity (70.12%) and H2O2 scavenging activity (4.97%). After 23 days, the samples treated with C. vulgaris extracts maintained a high viability of the yeast cells. In particular, the samples with 2, 4, 0.1, and 1% of the extract had a cell viability of 95.75, 94.04, 89.15, and 74%, respectively. The positive control (1% ethanol alone) and negative control (yeast alone) had 47.71 and 21.01% viability, respectively. This drastic reduction in viability was due to lysis of the yeast cells caused by ethanol. Ultrasound extraction with water as a solvent produced abundant beneficial secondary metabolites from C. vulgaris. The addition of C. vulgaris extract increased the viability and cell density of S. cerevisiae after 27 days, thereby protecting the yeast cells from the toxic effects of ethanol.

 Chlorella vulgaris фитохимические вещества антиоксиданты микроводоросли дрожжи ультразвуковая экстракция Saccharomyces cerevisiae жизнеспособность водные экстракты Chlorella vulgaris phytochemicals antioxidants microalgae yeast ultrasound-assisted extraction Saccharomyces cerevisiae viability water extracts

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