The Object of the Study is the regions of the Russian Far North and its equivalent areas (hereinafter the Russian Far North). The Subject of the Study is the system of regional wage coeffi cients and northern allowances applicable within their boundaries. The theoretical aspect of the subject – approaches for the determination of physiological and economic costs for required living standards in the Russian Far North. The empirical side of the subject – indices describing the living conditions in the Russian Far North. The Purpose of the Study is to substantiate a structure and functioning mechanism of territorial benefi ts taking into account the historical features and contemporary economic and demographic trends. Basic Theoretical and Empirical Theses: 1) introducing northern benefi ts had for its objects fi rstly, to compensate for diffi cult local conditions (primarily climatic) and secondly to encourage labour infl ows from other regions of the USSR; 2) the system of northern allowances initially intended to compensate for diffi cult living conditions, whereas the regional wage coeffi cients had a function of diffi cult working conditions compensation; 3) the cancellation of these benefi ts could lead to a signifi cant decline in the standard of living in the Russian Far North, especially its non-raw-material regions; 4) it is necessary to analyze in detail natural conditions and resources of the Russian regions for renovating the existing benefi t system and probable changes in the Russian Far North boundaries (with the active participation of both economic geographers and demographers and experts on living standards and social policy). For this reason we need, among other things, to update the socioeconomic information on the higher benefi t rated enclaves within the Russian Far North territories; 5) the new scheme of “bonus” indicators may have a unifi ed coeffi cient as a foundation. It will take into account both living and working conditions of the population without losing the functions of more expensive living compensation and encouragement of immigration.
regions of the Russian Far North and its equivalent areas, the standard of living of the population, population dynamics of the regional population policies, territorial benefi ts, a district coeffi cient, a «Severnaya» allowance, average wages, the subsistence minimum, fertility, life expectancy.
Статья подготовлена в рамках поддержанного РФФИ научного проекта № 15-06-09027 «Причины и последствия дифференциации демографического развития регионов России и возможности ее сокращения».
В последнее время все чаще стали звучать призывы к реформированию сложившейся еще в советское время системы территориальных и профессиональных льгот, приданию им более адресного характера, с учетом реальной нуждаемости. К ним относятся и так называемые северные льготы: районные коэффициенты, надбавки, пенсионные и транспортные льготы и т.п. Так, министр труда и социальной защиты РФ М.А. Топилин в одном из выступлений заявил, что «…если работодатель в Магадане платит работнику достойную зарплату, почему он должен вычленять из этой суммы надбавку, отдельной строкой ее прописывать? Это лишняя нагрузка на бухгалтерию» (цит. по [1]). Оппонентом Минтрудсоцзащиты выступила Федерация независимых профсоюзов России, глава которой, М.В. Шмаков, заявил, что «…отмена северных надбавок снижает социальную защищенность людей, живущих в такой местности» [Там же].
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16.
