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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Solar-Terrestrial Physics</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Solar-Terrestrial Physics</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Солнечно-земная физика / Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika / Solar-Terrestrial Physics</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2712-9640</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">71611</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/szf-102202401</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Результаты  исследований</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Results of current research</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Результаты  исследований</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Differential emission measure of solar nanoflares measured with the SITES algorithm</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Дифференциальная мера эмиссии солнечных нановспышек, определенная с помощью алгоритма SITES</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Белов</surname>
       <given-names>Сергей Александрович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Belov</surname>
       <given-names>Sergey Aleksandrovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>mr_beloff@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Леденцов</surname>
       <given-names>Леонид Сергеевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Ledentsov</surname>
       <given-names>Leonid Sergeevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>leonid.ledentsov@gmail.com</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Завершинский</surname>
       <given-names>Дмитрий Игоревич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Zavershinskii</surname>
       <given-names>Dmitrii Igorevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>dimanzav@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5448-8959</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Богачев</surname>
       <given-names>Сергей Александрович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Bogachev</surname>
       <given-names>Sergey Aleksandrovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>bogachev.sergey@gmail.com</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Самарский национальный исследовательский университет им. С.П. Королева</institution>
     <city>Самара</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Samara National Research University</institution>
     <city>Samara</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Самарский филиал Физического института им. П.Н. Лебедева РАН</institution>
     <city>Самара</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Samara Branch of Lebedev Physical Institute RAS</institution>
     <city>Samara</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Самарский национальный исследовательский университет им. С.П. Королева</institution>
     <city>Самара</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Samara National Research University</institution>
     <city>Samara</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный астрономический институт им. П.К. Штернберга</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Sternberg Astronomical Institute</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Самарский национальный исследовательский университет им. С.П. Королева</institution>
     <city>Самара</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Samara National Research University</institution>
     <city>Samara</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-6">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Самарский филиал Физического института им. П.Н. Лебедева РАН</institution>
     <city>Самара</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Samara Branch of Lebedev Physical Institute RAS</institution>
     <city>Samara</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-7">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт космических исследований РАН</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Space Research Institute of RAS</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-8">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Самарский национальный исследовательский университет им. академика С.П. Королева</institution>
     <city>Самара</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Samara National Research University</institution>
     <city>Samara</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-06-25T17:45:26+03:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-06-25T17:45:26+03:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>10</volume>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <fpage>4</fpage>
   <lpage>14</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-12-04T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>04</day>
     <month>12</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-03-21T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>21</day>
     <month>03</month>
     <year>2024</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/71611/view">https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/71611/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>В работе представлены результаты исследования возможностей алгоритма SITES (Solar Iterative Temperature Emission Solver) [Morgan, Pickering, 2019] для восстановления дифференциальной меры эмиссии (ДМЭ) источника по его излучению в нескольких участках электромагнитного спектра в контексте наблюдения солнечных нановспышек прибором AIA/SDO. Метод SITES был реализован на языке программирования Python и впервые был применен для построения ДМЭ нановспышек. С этой целью мы проверили эффективность работы алгоритма на модельных одно- и двухпиковых ДМЭ при температурах, характерных для солнечных нановспышек. Результаты тестирования говорят о том, что алгоритм SITES может быть ограниченно применим для исследования ДМЭ нановспышек в однопиковом приближении. Алгоритм обладает сочетанием хорошей точности и высокой скорости счета в исследуемой области температур от 1 до 3 МK. Особенности ДМЭ нановспышек, восстановленных методом SITES, были изучены на основе найденной нами ранее выборки из 58855 событий, наблюдавшихся в 2019 г. с помощью AIA/SDO. Полученные результаты подтверждают, что характерная температура плазмы в нановспышках составляет 1–2 МK. Восстановленные ДМЭ нановспышек, как правило, имеют один максимум внутри этого диапазона, однако полученное нами для всех вспышек распределение по температуре формирует два кластера с максимумами при 1.2 и 1.7 МK. Мы интерпретируем это как возможное свидетельство существования двух типов солнечных нановспышек, но данный результат требует дополнительного подтверждения.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The paper presents the results of a study of capabilities of the SITES algorithm for reconstructing the differential emission measure (DEM) of a source from its radiation in several parts of the electromagnetic spectrum in the context of observing solar nanoflares with the AIA/SDO instrument. The SITES method was implemented in the Python programming language and was first used to construct the DEM of nanoflares. For this purpose, we tested the efficiency of the algorithm on model single- and double-peak DEM at characteristic temperatures of solar nanoflares. The test results indicate that the SITES algorithm can be of limited applicability for studying the DEM of nanoflares in the single-peak approximation. The algorithm has a combination of high accuracy and high counting rate in the studied temperature range from 1 to 3 MK. The features of DEM nanoflares reconstructed by the SITES method were examined using our previously found sample of 58855 events observed in 2019 with the AIA/SDO instrument. The results confirm that the characteristic plasma temperature in nanoflares is 1–2 MK. The reconstructed DEM of nanoflares generally have one maximum within this range, but the temperature distribution we obtained for all flares forms two clusters with maxima at 1.2 and 1.7 MK. We interpret this as possible evidence for the existence of two types of solar nanoflares, but this result requires further confirmation.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>нановспышки</kwd>
    <kwd>дифференциальная мера эмиссии (ДМЭ)</kwd>
    <kwd>спокойное Солнце</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>nanoflares</kwd>
    <kwd>differential emission measure (DEM)</kwd>
    <kwd>quiet Sun</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект 22-22-00879). Реализация метода SITES для расчета ДМЭ проводилась в ходе работ по проекту FSSS-2023-0009, поддержанному Министерством высшего образования и науки в рамках государственного задания вузам и научным организациям</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Grant 22-22-00879). The SITES method for calculating DEM was implemented during the work under Project FSSS-2023-0009, supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation as part of Government assignment to universities and scientific organizations</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
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