Journal of New Medical Technologies. eJournal Journal of New Medical Technologies. eJournal Вестник новых медицинских технологий. Электронный журнал 2075-4094 4789 10.12737/7592 ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ LITERATURE REVIEWS ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ Alcoholism as a factor of development and spread of diseases (analytical review) Алкоголизм как фактор развития и распространения заболеваний (обзор литературы) Курылев В. В. Kurylev V. В. Успенская О. А. Uspenskaya O. A.

доктор медицинских наук;

doctor of medical sciences;

 Потемина Татьяна Евгеньевна Potemina Tatyana E. tat_potemina@mail.ru

доктор медицинских наук;

doctor of medical sciences;

 Шевченко Е. А. Shevchenko E. А. Рудая П. О. Rudaya P. О. Нижегородская государственная медицинская академия» Минздрава России Нижний Новгород Россия Нижегородская государственная медицинская академия» Минздрава России Нижний Новгород Russian Federation Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет Нижний Новгород Россия Volga Research Medical University Nizhny Novgorod Russian Federation 26 01 2015 26 01 2015 9 1 https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/4789/view

В рамках данного обзора изложены современные медицинские взгляды на природу алкоголизма и его влияние на развитие и распространение различных заболеваний. Также здесь дана характеристика патогенеза алкоголизма на молекулярном уровне, приведены данные относительно расстройства углеводного обмена, иммунной системы, гибели клеток, модуляции митохондриальной проницаемости и модуляции экспрессии генов вследствие воздействия алкоголя. Проанализирована роль алкоголя как первопричины развития и прогрессирования инфекционных заболеваний (туберкулёза, пневмонии), рака, диабета, болезней нервной системы (алкогольной полиневропатии, энцефалопатии Вернике), сер-дечно-сосудистых заболеваний (гипертонической болезни, ишемической болезни сердца), заболеваний печени (гепатитов, цирроза), а также поджелудочной железы (панкреатита). Особое место в обзоре занимает описание роли алкоголя в распространении инфекций, передающихся половым путём (ИППП): сифилиса, хламидиоза, уреаплазмоза, гонореи, ВИЧ-инфекции, простого герпеса, трихомониаза. В данном случае зафиксировано влияние нескольких факторов. Первый связан с изменениями, происходящими в организме в результате чрезмерного употребления алкоголя – в частности, с ослаблением иммунитета и/или снижением эффективности лечения. Другой фактор связан с распущенным асоциальным поведением, часто присущим лицам, страдающим алкогольной зависимостью.

This review presents the modern medical views on the nature of alcoholism and its effect on the development and spread of various diseases. The article characterizes alcoholism pathogenesis on the molecular level, presents the evidence on the disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, immune system, cell death, modulation of mitochondrial permeability and modulation of gene expression due to the alcoholic effect. Alcohol is caracte-rized as a root cause of development and progression of infectious diseases (tuberculosis, pneumonia), cancer, diabetes, nervous system diseases (alcoholic polyneuropathy, Wernicke´s encephalopathy), cardiovascular dis-eases (essential hypertension, ischemic heart disease), hepatic and pancreatic diseases. The review also focuses on the role of the alcohol in the spread of sexually transmitted infections such as syphilis, chlamydial infection, ureaplasma infection, gonorrhea, HIV, herpes simplex, trichomoniasis. The influence of several factors was detected. The first factor relates to the changes occurring in organism as a result of excessive alcohol con-sumption - in particular, to the weakening of the immune system and / or a decrease in the effectiveness of treatment. Another factor dismissed due to antisocial behaviour, often associated with individuals suffering from alcohol dependence

 алкоголизм инфекции передающиеся половым путём инфекционные заболевания. alcoholism sexually transmitted infections infectious diseases.

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