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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Solar-Terrestrial Physics</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Solar-Terrestrial Physics</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Солнечно-земная физика / Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika / Solar-Terrestrial Physics</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2712-9640</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">43674</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/szf-73202104</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Обзоры</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Reviews </subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Обзоры</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Morphology and diagnostic potential of the ionospheric Alfvén resonator</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Морфология и диагностический потенциал ионосферного альвеновского резонатора</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4864-0993</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Потапов</surname>
       <given-names>Александр Сергеевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Potapov</surname>
       <given-names>Alexander Sergeevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>potapov@iszf.irk.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Полюшкина</surname>
       <given-names>Татьяна Николаевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Polyushkina</surname>
       <given-names>Tatyana Nikolaevna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>tnp@iszf.irk.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Цэгмэд</surname>
       <given-names>Баттуулай </given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Tsegmed</surname>
       <given-names>Battuulai </given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>tseg@iag.ac.mn</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН</institution>
     <city>Иркутск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS</institution>
     <city>Irkutsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН</institution>
     <city>Иркутск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS</institution>
     <city>Irkutsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт астрономии и геофизики АН Монголии</institution>
     <city>Улан-Батор</city>
     <country>Монголия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics AS Mongolia</institution>
     <city>Ulaan-Baatar</city>
     <country>Mongolia</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <volume>7</volume>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>39</fpage>
   <lpage>56</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-04-22T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>22</day>
     <month>04</month>
     <year>2021</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-06-01T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>01</day>
     <month>06</month>
     <year>2021</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/43674/view">https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/43674/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Слоистость ионосферы приводит к образованию различного рода резонаторов и волноводов. Одним из наиболее известных является ионосферный альвеновский резонатор (ИАР), излучение которого может наблюдаться как на земной поверхности, так и в космосе, в виде веерообразного набора дискретных спектральных полос (ДСП), частота которых плавно меняется в течение суток. Полосы формируются альвеновскими волнами, захваченными между нижней частью ионосферы и перегибом высотного профиля альвеновской скорости в области перехода от ионосферы к магнитосфере. ИАР является одним из важных механизмов ионосферно-магнитосферного взаимодействия. Частота излучения лежит в диапазоне от десятых долей герца до примерно 8 Гц — частоты первой гармоники шумановского резонанса. В обзоре подробно описана морфология явления. Подчеркивается, что излучение ИАР является перманентным явлением, вероятность наблюдения которого в первую очередь определяется чувствительностью аппаратуры и отсутствием помех естественного и искусственного происхождения. Ежедневная длительность наблюдения ДСП зависит от условий освещенности нижней ионосферы: полосы хорошо видны только тогда, когда слой D затенен. Систематизированы многочисленные теоретические модели ИАР. Все они основаны на анализе возбуждения и распространения альвеновских волн в неоднородной ионосферной плазме и различаются в основном источниками генерации колебаний и методами учета различных факторов, таких как взаимодействие волновых мод, дипольная геометрия магнитного поля, частотная дисперсия волн. Предсказываемая всеми моделями резонатора и многократно подтвержденная экспериментально тесная связь изменений частоты ДСП с вариациями критической частоты fоF2 служит основой поиска способов определения в реальном времени электронной концентрации ионосферы по измерениям частоты излучения ИАР. Возможна также оценка профиля ионного состава над ионосферой по данным о частотной структуре излучения ИАР. В обзоре уделяется внимание и другим результатам из широкого диапазона исследований ИАР. Упоминаются результаты, выявившие влияние ориентации межпланетного магнитного поля на колебания резонатора, и факты воздействия на ИАР сейсмических возмущений.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The layering of the ionosphere leads to the formation of resonators and waveguides of various kinds. One of the most well-known is the ionospheric Alfvén resonator (IAR) whose radiation can be observed both on Earth’s surface and in space in the form of a fan-shaped set of discrete spectral bands (DSB), the frequency of which changes smoothly during the day. The bands are formed by Alfvén waves trapped between the lower part of the ionosphere and the altitude profile bending of Alfvén velocity in the transition region between the ionosphere and the magnetosphere. Thus, IAR is one of the important mechanisms of the ionosphere-magnetosphere interaction. The emission frequency lies in the range from tenths of hertz to about 8 Hz — the frequency of the first harmonic of the Schumann resonance. The review describes in detail the morphology of the phenomenon. It is emphasized that the IAR emission is a permanent phenomenon; the probability of observing it is primarily determined by the sensitivity of the equipment and the absence of interference of natural and artificial origin. The daily duration of the DSB observation almost completely depends on the illumination conditions of the lower ionosphere: the bands are clearly visible only when the D layer is shaded. Numerous theoretical IAR models have been systematized. All of them are based on the analysis of the excitation and propagation of Alfvén waves in inhomogeneous ionospheric plasma and differ mainly in sources of oscillation generation and methods of accounting for various factors such as interaction of wave modes, dipole geometry of the magnetic field, frequency dispersion of waves. Predicted by all models of the cavity and repeatedly confirmed experimentally, the close relationship between DSB frequency variations and critical frequency foF2 variations serves as the basis for searching ways of determining in real time the electron density of the ionosphere from IAR emission frequency measurements. It is also possible to estimate the profile of the ion composition over the ionosphere from the data on the IAR emission frequency structure. The review also focuses on other results from a wide range of IAR studies, specifically on the results that revealed the influence of the interplanetary magnetic field orien tation on oscillations of the resonator, and on the facts of the influence of seismic disturbances on IAR.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>спектральные полосы</kwd>
    <kwd>ультранизкочастотное излучение</kwd>
    <kwd>резонатор</kwd>
    <kwd>стоячие альвеновские волны</kwd>
    <kwd>гармоническая структура</kwd>
    <kwd>волновые моды</kwd>
    <kwd>электронная концентрация</kwd>
    <kwd>диагностика</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>spectral bands</kwd>
    <kwd>ultra low frequency emission</kwd>
    <kwd>resonator</kwd>
    <kwd>standing Alfvén waves</kwd>
    <kwd>harmonic structure</kwd>
    <kwd>wave modes</kwd>
    <kwd>electron density</kwd>
    <kwd>diagnostics</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Минобрнауки России. Вклад А.С. Потапова и Т.Н. Полюшкиной частично поддержан грантом РФФИ  № 19-05-00574. Работа Б. Цэгмэда поддержана грантом АН Монголии ШУАГ-2017/17 и проектом Министерства образования, науки и спорта Монголии ШУСС-2017/65.</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation. The contribution of A.S. Potapov and T.N. Polyushkina was partially supported by RFBR grant No.19-05-00574. The work of B. Tsegmed was funded by grant SHUAG-2017/17 from the Mongolian Academy of Sciences and by project SHUSS-2017/65 of the Ministry of Education, Science and Sport of Mongolia.</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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