Cultural exchange is an attribute of human society, the law of movement and development of all cultures. Today, the process of globalization is drawing almost all nations into its giant spin, the world is changing rapidly, and countries like it or not, the intangibles are affected, even dependence on each other. It is considered that the contact with Russian culture and countries in the old socialist system is the fourth cultural contact in the five contacts of Vietnamese culture to the region and the world. In nearly half a century of exchange with Russian culture, we have achieved undeniable achievements and results, but at the same time there are many issues raised and some lessons to consider. Objectively and fairly assessing this cultural exchange is a practical task, in order to draw historical experiences for Vietnamese culture in the context of international integration today.