Medical Radiology and radiation safety Medical Radiology and radiation safety Медицинская радиология и радиационная безопасность 1024-6177 2618-9615 37101 10.12737/1024-6177-2020-65-2-5-10 Радиационная биология Radiation biology Радиационная биология Biological Effects of Organic and Inorganic Compounds of the Tritium Биологические эффекты органических и неорганических соединений трития Гурьев Д. В. Guryev D. V.

кандидат биологических наук;

candidate of sciences in biology;

 Кочетков О. А. Kochetkov O. A.

кандидат технических наук;

candidate of technical sciences;

 Барчуков В. Г. Barchukov V. G.

доктор медицинских наук;

doctor of medical sciences;

 Осипов А. Н. Osipov A. N.

доктор биологических наук;

doctor of sciences in biology;

 Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России Москва Россия A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA Moscow Russian Federation Институт химической физики им. Н.Н. Семенова РАН Москва Россия N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics Moscow Russian Federation Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России Москва Россия A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA Moscow Russian Federation ФГБУ «Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации – Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр имени А.И. Бурназяна» Россия State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency Russian Federation Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И.Бур­на­зяна ФМБА России Москва Россия A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center (FMBC) FMBA Moscow Russian Federation 65 2 5 10 https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/37101/view

Представлены сравнительные данные по биологическим эффектам неорганических (НТО) и органических (ОСТ) соединений трития на молекулярном, цитогенетическом и организменном уровнях. Приведены данные по относительной биологической эффективности (ОБЭ) ОСТ и НТО в зависимости от их распределения в клетках и тканях организма. Многочисленные исследования показывают, что расчет ОБЭ соединений трития на разных уровнях организации приводит к противоречивым данным, что связано с особенностями взаимодействия НТО и ОСТ с критическими биомолекулами в клетках, а также с пролиферативной активностью различных клеток и тканей организма. В экспериментах выявлено, что эффективность ОСТ намного выше, чем НТО, что связано с их быстрым включением в критические для клетки биомолекулы, включая белки и ДНК, с дальнейшим формированием значительного биологического эффекта. На основании данных, полученных в последнее время в разных лабораториях по действию соединений трития на молекулярном и клеточном уровнях, делается вывод о необходимости поиска нового подхода к нормированию НТО и ОСТ в окружающей среде.

The review represents comparative data on the biological effects of inorganic (HTO) and organic (OBT) compounds of tritium at the molecular, cytogenetic and system levels. The data of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of OBT and HTO depending on their distribution in the cells and tissues of the body are presented. Experimental studies show that the calculation of the RBE of tritium compounds at different levels of organization leads to contradictory data. Such observation is associated with the interaction both of HTO and OBT with critical biomolecules in the cells as well as the proliferative activity of different cells and tissues. The experiments revealed that the effectiveness of OBT is much higher than the HTO which is associated with their rapid inclusion in the critical biomolecules such as proteins and DNA with the further formation of a significant biological effect. Based on the recently obtained data in different laboratories on the effect of tritium compounds at the molecular and cellular levels, it is concluded that a new approach for HTO and OBT risk assessment is necessary.

 тритий органические соединения трития оксид трития НТО ОСТ ОБЭ двунитевые разрывы ДНК γН2АХ 3Н-тимидин тритиевая вода оценка риска tritium organic compounds of the tritium tritium oxide HTO OBT RBE DNA double-strand breaks γН2АХ 3H-thymidine tritiated water risk assessment

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