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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Solar-Terrestrial Physics</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Solar-Terrestrial Physics</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Солнечно-земная физика / Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika / Solar-Terrestrial Physics</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2712-9640</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">34662</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/szf-63202002</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Результаты  исследований</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Results of current research</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Результаты  исследований</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Low-power solar flares of optical and X-ray wavelengths for solar cycles 21–24</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Солнечные вспышки малой мощности в оптическом и рентгеновском диапазонах длин волн в 21–24-м солнечных циклах</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5725-8262</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Боровик</surname>
       <given-names>Александр Васильевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Borovik</surname>
       <given-names>Aleksandr Vasil'evich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>aborovik@iszf.irk.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9563-1360</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Жданов</surname>
       <given-names>Антон Андреевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Zhdanov</surname>
       <given-names>Anton Andreevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>kick.out@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН</institution>
     <city>Иркутск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Solar Terrestrial Physics SB RAS</institution>
     <city>Irkutsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН</institution>
     <city>Иркутск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Solar Terrestrial Physics SB RAS</institution>
     <city>Irkutsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <volume>6</volume>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>18</fpage>
   <lpage>25</lpage>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/34662/view">https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/34662/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>По данным в оптическом и рентгеновском диапазонах длин волн проанализирована вспышечная активность Солнца за 21–24-й циклы. Показано, что на протяжении последних четырех циклов активность Солнца постепенно снижалась. По отношению к 21-му циклу (самому активному за последние 50 лет) в 24-м цикле произошло в 4.4 раза меньше оптических крупных вспышек классов площади 2–4, в 8.2 раза меньше вспышек класса 1 и в 4.1 раза меньше малых вспышек (МВ) оптического класса S. Число вспышек рентгеновского класса Х уменьшилось в 3.7 раз, класса М — в 3.2 раза. Это подтверждает влияние вековых трендов активности Солнца на пиковые значения вспышечной активности в одинна¬дцатилетних циклах. Показано, что оптические вспышки малой мощности могут сопровождаться потоками протонов и всплесками рентгеновского излучения разной мощности, в том числе класса Х. В мягком рентгене диапазоны излучения для оптических МВ и вспышек высоких классов в значительной степени перекрываются. Подтверждено, что рентгеновское излучение солнечных вспышек возникает в среднем на 2 мин раньше оптического. Для оптических МВ и вспышек класса 1 максимум излучения в рентгеновском диапазоне наступает позже максимума излучения в оптическом диапазоне примерно на 1 мин, для вспышек классов 2–4 — на 2 мин.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Using data obtained in optical and X-ray wavelengths, we have analyzed solar flare activity for cycles 21–24. Over the last three cycles, solar activity is shown to decrease significantly. As compared to solar cycle 21 (the most active over the last 50 years), in cycle 24 2–4-class large optical flares are 4.4 times rarer; 1-class flares, 8.2 times; and S-class small flares, 4.1 times. The number of X-class flares decreased 3.7 times; M-class flares, 3.2 times. This confirms that secular solar activity trends affect peak values of 11-year cycles. It is shown that optical low-power flares can be accompanied by proton fluxes and X-ray bursts of different intensity, including X-class ones. Ranges of small flare emission in soft X-rays largely overlap with emission ranges of flares of high optical classes. We have confirmed that X-ray emission from solar flares appears on average 2 min before the optical emission. The X-ray maximum for small optical flares and 1-class flares occurs approximately 1 min later; for 2–4-class flares, 2 min.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>солнечная активность</kwd>
    <kwd>солнечные вспышки</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>solar activity</kwd>
    <kwd>solar flares</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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