Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika Солнечно-земная физика 2712-9640 30399 10.12737/szf-63202001 Результаты исследований Results of current research Результаты исследований Features of the initial stage of formation of fast coronal mass ejection on February 25, 2014 Особенности начальной стадии формирования быстрого коронального выброса массы 25 февраля 2014 г. Еселевич Виктор Григорьевич Eselevich Viktor Grigoryevich esel@iszf.irk.ru

доктор физико-математических наук;

doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;

 Еселевич Максим Викторович Eselevich Maxim Viktorovich mesel@iszf.irk.ru

кандидат физико-математических наук;

candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;

 Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН Иркутск Россия Institute of Solar Terrestrial Physics SB RAS Irkutsk Russian Federation Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН Иркутск Россия Institute of Solar Terrestrial Physics SB RAS Irkutsk Russian Federation 6 3 3 17 https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/30399/view

Проведен анализ быстрого коронального выброса массы (КВМ) 25 февраля 2014 г. по изображениям в УФ-каналах 131, 211, 304 и 1700 Å инструмента SDO/AIA и по данным наблюдений в линии Нα (6562.8 Å) на телескопах обсерваторий Teide и Big Bear. Формирование КВМ 25.02.2014 связано с выбросом и последующим взрывообразным расширением магнитного жгута, возникшего вблизи поверхности Солнца, предположительно, вследствие процесса tether-cutting магнитного пересоединения. Возникший в результате такого «взрыва» импульс полного давления (теплового плюс магнитного) воздействует на вышележащие корональные арочные структуры, приводя к их слиянию и формированию ускоренно движущейся фронтальной структуры КВМ. Этот же импульс давления является причиной возникновения взрывной столкновительной ударной волны перед КВМ, скорость которой быстро уменьшается с расстоянием. На больших расстояниях R>7R₀ (R₀ — радиус Солнца) от центра Солнца перед КВМ регистрируется ударная волна другого типа — поршневая столкновительная ударная волна, скорость которой мало меняется с расстоянием. На R≥15R₀ происходит переход от столкновительной ударной волны к бесстолкновительной.

We have analyzed the fast coronal mass ejection (CME) that occurred on February 25, 2014. The analysis is based on images taken in the 131, 211, 304, and 1700 Å UV channels of the SDO/AIA instrument and from observations obtained in the Hα line (6562.8 Å) with the telescopes of the Teide and Big Bear Observatories. The February 25, 2014 CME is associated with the ejection and subsequent explosive expansion of the magnetic flux rope, which appeared near the solar surface presumably due to the tether-cutting magnetic reconnection. The impulse of full pressure (thermal plus magnetic) resulting from such an “explosion” acts on the overlying coronal arcades, causing them to merge and form an accelerated moving frontal structure of the CME. This pressure impulse also generates a blast collisional shock wave ahead of the CME, whose velocity decreases rapidly with distance. At large distances R>7R₀ (R₀ is the solar radius) from the center of the Sun in front of the CME, a shock wave of another type is formed — a “piston” collisional shock wave whose velocity varies little with distance. At R≥15R₀, there is a transition from a collisional to a collisionless shock wave.

 корональный выброс массы магнитный жгут корональные арочные структуры взрывная ударная волна солнечный ветер столкновительная и бесстолкновительная ударные волны coronal mass ejection magnetic rope coronal arcades blast shock wave solar wind collisional and collisionless shock waves

Гибсон Э. Спокойное Солнце. М.: Мир, 1977. С. 125-146. Alekseenko S.V., Dudnikova G.I., Romanov V.A., Romanov D.V., Romanov K. Magnetic field instabilities in the solar convective zone. Rus. J. Eng. Thermophys. 2000, vol. 10, pp. 243-262. Еселевич М.В. Об измерении ширины фронта ударной волны впереди коронального выброса массы // Астрономический журнал. 2010. Т. 87, № 2. С. 197-208. Amari T., Luciani J.F., Mikic Z., Linker J. A twist flux rope model for coronal mass ejections and two-ribbon flare. Astrophys. J. 2000, vol. 529, pp. L49-L52. DOI: 10.1086/312444. Еселевич М.В., Еселевич В.Г. Некоторые особенности в развитии возмущенной зоны и ударной волны // Астрономический журнал. 2011. Т. 88, № 11. С. 1124-1136. Antiochos S.K., DeVore C.R., Klimchuk J.A. A model for solar coronal mass ejections. Astrophys. J. 1999, vol. 510, no. 1, pp. 485-493. DOI: 10.1086/306563. Еселевич М.В., Еселевич В.Г. Роль всплывающих магнитных трубок при формировании импульсных корональных выбросов массы // Астрономический журнал. 2013. Т. 90, № 11. С. 936-947. DOI: 10.7868/S0004629913110017. Archontis V., Hood A.W. A flux emergence model for solar eruptions. Astrophys. J. 2008, vol. 674, pp. L113-L116. DOI: 10.1086/529377. Еселевич В.Г., Еселевич М.В. Физические отличия в начальной фазе формирования двух типов корональных выбросов массы // Астрономический журнал. 2014. Т. 91, № 4. С. 320-331. DOI: 10.7868/S0004629914030037. Bemporad A., Raymond J., Poletto G., Romoli M. A comprehensive study of the initiation and early evolution of a coronal mass ejection from ultraviolet and white-.light data. Astrophys. J. 2007, vol. 655, pp. 576-590. DOI: 10.1086/509569. Еселевич В.Г., Еселевич М.В. Отличия в развитии начальной фазы формирования двух типов корональных выбросов массы // Космические исследования. 2015. Т. 53, № 1. C. 24-34. DOI: 10.7868/S0023420615010045. Chen H., Zhang J., Cheng X., Ma S., Yang S., Li T. Direct observations of tether-cutting reconnection during a major solar event from 2014 February 24 to 25. Astrophys. J. Lett. 2014, vol. 797, no. 2, L15, 7 p. DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/797/2/L15. Еселевич В.Г., Еселевич М.В., Романов В.А. и др. Физический механизм генерации корональных выбросов массы из верхних слоев конвективной зоны // Изв. Крымской астрофиз. обс. 2013. Т. 109, № 4. С. 54-60. Eselevich M.V. Detecting the width of shock front preceding CME. Astronomy Report. 2010, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 197-208. Еселевич М., Еселевич В., Зимовец И., Руденко Г. Исследование начальной стадии формирования импульсного коронального выброса массы // Астрономический журнал. 2016. Т. 93, № 11. С. 990. DOI: 10.7868/S0004629916100029. Eselevich M.V., Eselevich V.G. Some properties of the development of the perturbed zone and shock preceding a coronal mass ejection. Astronomy Reports. 2011, vol. 55, no. 11, pp. 1038-1050. Прист Э.Р. Солнечная магнитогидродинамика. М.: Мир, 1985. С. 89. Eselevich V., Eselevich M. Disturb zone and piston shock ahead of coronal mass ejection. Astrophys. J. 2012, vol. 761, no. 1, 10 p. DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/761/1/68. Романов В.А., Романов Д.В., Романов К.В. Сброс магнитных полей из зоны действия солнечного динамо в атмосферу Солнца // Астрономический журнал. 1993а. T. 70. С. 1237-1246. Eselevich V.G., Eselevich M.V. The role of rising magnetic tubes in the formation of impulsive coronal mass ejections. Astronomy Reports. 2013, vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 860-871. DOI: 10.1134/S1063772913110012. Романов В.А., Романов Д.В., Романов К.В. Сброс магнитных полей из зоны действия солнечного динамо в релаксационную зону // Астрономический журнал. 1993б. Т. 70. С. 1247-1256. Eselevich V.G., Eselevich M.V. Physical differences between the initial phase of the formation of two types of coronal mass ejections. Astronomy Reports. 2014, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 260-271. DOI: 10.1134/S1063772914030032. Alekseenko S.V., Dudnikova G.I., Romanov V.A., et al. Magnetic field instabilities in the solar convective zone // Rus. J. Eng. Thermophys. 2000. V. 10. P. 243-262. Eselevich V.G., Eselevich M.V. Differences in the development of the initial phase of the formation of two types of coronal mass ejections. Cosmic Res. 2015, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 21-30. DOI: 10.1134/S0010952515010049. Amari T., Luciani J.F., Mikic Z., Linker J. A twist flux rope model for coronal mass ejections and two-ribbon flare // Astrophys. J. 2000. V. 529. P. L49-L52. DOI: 10.1086/312444. Eselevich V.G., Eselevich M.V., Romanov V.A., Romanov D.V., Romanov K.V., Kucherov N.V. Physical mechanisms for the generation of coronal mass ejections from the upper layers of the convective zone. Izvestiya Krymskoi Astrofizicheskoi Observatorii [Bulletin of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory]. 2013, vol. 109, no. 4, pp. 54-60. (In Russian). Antiochos S.K., DeVore C.R., Klimchuk J.A. A model for solar coronal mass ejections // Astrophys. J. 1999. V. 510, N 1. P. 485-493. DOI: 10.1086/306563. Eselevich V.G., Eselevich M.V., Zimovets I.V., Rudenko G.V. Initial formation of an “impulsive” coronal mass ejection. Astronomy Reports. 2016, vol. 60, no. 11, pp. 1016-1027. DOI: 10.1134/S1063772916100024. Archontis V., Hood A.W. A Flux Emergence Model for Solar Eruptions // Astrophys. J. 2008. V. 674. P. L113-L116. DOI: 10.1086/529377. Fainshtein V.G., Egorov Ya.I. Initiation of CMEs associated with filament eruption, and the nature of CME related shocks. Adv. Space Res. 2015, vol. 55, iss. 3, pp. 798-807. DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2014.05.019. Bemporad A., Raymond J., Poletto G., Romoli M. A comprehensive study of the initiation and early evolution of a coronal mass ejection from ultraviolet and white-light data // Astrophys. J. 2007. V. 655. P. 576-590. DOI: 10.1086/509569. Gibson E. Spokoinoe Solntse [The Quiet Sun]. Moscow, Mir Publ., 1977, pp. 125-146. (In Russian). (English edition: Gibson E.G. The Quiet Sun. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Office, 1973, 330 p.). Chen H., Zhang J., Cheng X., et al. Direct observations of tether-cutting reconnection during a major solar event from 2014 February 24 to 25 // Astrophys. J. Lett. 2014. V. 797, N 2, L15. 7 p. DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/797/2/L15. Gibson S.E., Foster D., Burkepile J., de Toma G., Stanger A. The calm before the storm: The link between quiescent cavities and coronal mass ejections. Astrophys. J. 2006, vol. 641, no. 1, pp. 590-605. DOI: 10.1086/500446. Eselevich V.G., Eselevich M.V. Disturb zone and piston shock ahead of coronal mass ejection // Astrophys. J. 2012. V. 761, N 1, 10 p. DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/761/1/68. Grechnev V.V., Uralov A.M., Kochanov A.A., Kuzmenko I.V., Prosovetsky D.V., Egorov Y.I., Fainshtein V.G., Kashapova L.K. A tiny eruptive filament as a flux-rope progenitor and driver of a large-scale CME and wave. Solar Phys. 2016, vol. 291. pp. 1173-1208. DOI: 10.1007/s11207-016-0888-z. Fainshtein V.G., Egorov Ya.I. Initiation of CMEs associated with filament eruption, and the nature of CME related shocks // Adv. Space Res. 2015. V. 55, iss. 3. P. 798-807. DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2014.05.019. Grechnev V.V., Lesovoi S.V., Kochanov A.A., Uralov A.M., Altyntsev A.T., Gubin A.V., Zhdanov D.A., Ivanov E.F., Smolkov G.Ya., Kashapova L.K. Multi-instrument view on solar eruptive events observed with the Siberian Radioheliograph: From detection of small jets up to development of a shock wave and CME. JASTP. 2018, vol. 174, pp. 46-65. DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2018.04.014. Gibson S.E., Foster D., Burkepile J., et al. the calm before the storm: The link between quiescent cavities and coronal mass ejections // Astrophys. J. 2006. V. 641, N 1. P. 590-605. DOI: 10.1086/500446. Hundhausen A.J. Coronal mass ejections. The Many Faces of the Sun: A Summary of the Results from NASA’s Solar Maximum Mission. New York, Springer, 1999, pp. 143-200. Grechnev V.V., Uralov A.M., Kochanov A.A., et al. A tiny eruptive filament as a flux-rope progenitor and driver of a large-scale CME and wave // Solar Phys. 2016. V. 291. P. 1173-1208. DOI: 10.1007/s11207-016-0888-z. Kliem B., Titov V.S., Török T. Formation of current sheets and sigmoidal structure by the kink instability of a magnetic loop. Astron. Astrophys. 2004, vol. 413, no. 3, pp. L23-L26. DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20031690. Grechnev V.V., Lesovoi S.V., Kochanov A.A., et al. Multi-instrument view on solar eruptive events observed with the Siberian Radioheliograph: From detection of small jets up to development of a shock wave and CME // JASTP. 2018. V. 174. P. 46-65. DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2018.04.014. Krall J., Chen J., Santoro R. Drive mechanisms of erupting solar magnetic flux ropes. Astrophys. J. 2000, vol. 539, pp. 964-982. DOI: 10.1086/309256. Hundhausen A.J. Coronal mass ejections // The Many Faces of the Sun: A Summary of the Results from NASA’s Solar Maximum Mission. New York, Springer, 1999. P. 143-200. Lemen J.R., Title A.M., Akin D.J., Boerner P.F.,•Chou C., Drake J.F., Duncan D.W.,•Edwards C.G.,•Friedlaender F.M., et al. The Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). Solar Phys. 2012, vol. 275, pp. 17-40. DOI: 10.1007/s11207-011-9776-8. Kliem B., Titov V.S., Török T. Formation of current sheets and sigmoidal structure by the kink instability of a magnetic loop // Astron. Astrophys. 2004. V. 413, N 3. P. L23-L26. DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20031690. MacQueen R.M., Fisher R.R. The kinematics of solar inner coronal transients. Solar Phys. 1983, vol. 89, pp. 89-102. DOI: 10.1007/BF00211955. Krall J., Chen J., Santoro R. Drive mechanisms of erupting solar magnetic flux ropes // Astrophys. J. 2000. V. 539. P. 964-982. DOI: 10.1086/309256. Magara T., Longcope D.W. Sigmoid structure of an emerging flux tube. Astrophys. J. 2001, vol. 559, pp. L55-L59. DOI: 10.1086/323635. Lemen J.R., Title A.M., Akin D.J., et al. The Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) // Solar Phys. 2012. V. 275. P. 17-40. DOI: 10.1007/ s11207-011-9776-8. Mann G., Aurass H., Klassen A., Estel C., Thompson B.J. Coronal transient waves and coronal shock waves. ESA SP-446: Plasma Dynamics and Diagnostics in the Solar Transition Region and Corona. Proc. 8th SOHO Workshop (22-25 June 1999, Paris, France). 1999, p. 477. MacQueen R.M., Fisher R.R. The kinematics of solar inner coronal transients // Solar Phys. 1983. V. 89. P. 89-102. DOI: 10.1007/BF00211955. Mann G., Klassen A., Aurass H., Classen H.-T. Formation and development of shock waves in the solar corona and the near-Sun interplanetary space. Astron. Astrophys. 2003, vol. 400, pp. 329-336. DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20021593. Magara T., Longcope D.W. Sigmoid structure of an emerging flux tube // Astrophys. J. 2001. V. 559. P. L55-L59. DOI: 10.1086/323635. Moore R.L., LaBonte B.J. The filament eruption in the 3B flare of July 29, 1973: Onset and magnetic field configuration. Solar and Interplanetary Dynamics. International Astronomical Union / Union Astronomique Internationale (Symposium No. 91 held in Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A. August 27-31, 1979). Springer, Dordrecht, 1980, pp. 207-211. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-9100-2_32. Mann G., Aurass H., Klassen A., et al. Coronal transient waves and coronal shock waves // ESA SP-446: Plasma Dynamics and Diagnostics in the Solar Transition Region and Corona. Proc. 8th SOHO Workshop (22-25 June 1999, Paris, France). 1999. P. 477. Moor R.L., Sterling A.C., Hudson H.S., Lemen J.R. Onset of the magnetic explosion in solar flares and coronal mass ejections. Astrophys. J. 2001, vol. 552, no. 2, pp. 833-848. DOI: 10.1086/320559. Mann G., Klassen A., Aurass H., Classen H.-T. Formation and development of shock waves in the solar corona and the near-Sun interplanetary space // Astron. Astrophys. 2003. V. 400. P. 329-336. DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20021593. Moreno-Insertis F., Schussler M., Ferriz-Mas A. Storage of magnetic flux tubes in a convective overshoot. Astron. Astrophys. 1992, vol. 264, no. 2, pp. 686-700. Moore R.L., LaBonte B.J. The filament eruption in the 3B flare of July 29, 1973: Onset and magnetic field configuration // Solar and Interplanetary Dynamics. International Astronomical Union / Union Astronomique Internationale (Symposium No. 91 held in Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A. August 27-31, 1979). Springer, Dordrecht, 1980. P. 207-211. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-9100-2_32. Patsourakos S., Vourlidas A., Stenborg G. Direct evidence for a fast coronal mass ejection driven by the prior formation and subsequent destabilization of a magnetic flux rope. Astrophys. J. 2013, vol. 764, no. 2, 125, 13 p. DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/764/2/125. Moore R.L., Sterling A.C., Hudson H.S., Lemen J.R. Onset of the magnetic explosion in solar flares and coronal mass Ejections// Astrophys. J. 2001. V. 552, N 2. P. 833-848. DOI: 10.1086/320559. Priest E.R. Solnechnaya magnitogidrodinamika [Solar magnetohydrodynamics]. Moscow, Mir Publ., 1985, p. 89. (In Russian). (English edition: Priest E.R. Solar Magnetohydrodynamics. Springer Netherlands, 1982, 469 p. (Geophysics and Astrophysics Monographs, vol. 21)). Moreno-Insertis F., Schussler M., Ferriz-Mas A. Storage of magnetic flux tubes in a convective overshoot // Astron. Astrophys. 1992. V. 264, N 2. P. 686-700. Romanov V.A., Romanov D.V., Romanov K.V. Outburst of magnetic fields from the zone of action of the solar dynamo into the atmosphere of the Sun. Astronomicheskii zhurnal [Astronomy Reports]. 1993a, vol. 70, pp. 1237-1246. (In Russian). Patsourakos S., Vourlidas A., Stenborg G. Direct evidence for a fast coronal mass ejection driven by the prior formation and subsequent destabilization of a magnetic flux rope // Astrophys. J. 2013. V. 764, N 2, 125. 13 p. DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/764/2/125. Romanov V.A., Romanov D.V., Romanov K.V. The ejection of magnetic fields from the solar dynamo to the relaxation zone. Astronomicheskii zhurnal [Astronomy Reports]. 1993b, vol. 70, pp. 1247-1256. (In Russian). Schmieder B., Démoulin P., Aulanier G. Solar filament eruptions and their physical role in triggering coronal mass ejections // Adv. Space Res. 2013.V. 51, iss. 11. P. 1967-1980. DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2012.12.026. Schmieder B., Démoulin P., Aulanier G. Solar filament eruptions and their physical role in triggering coronal mass ejections. Adv. Space Res. 2013, vol. 51, iss. 11, pp. 1967-1980. DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2012.12.026. Sheeley N.R.Jr., Walter H., Wang Y.-M., Howard R.A. Continuous tracking of coronal outflows: Two kinds of coronal mass ejections // J. Geophys. Res. 1999. V. 104, N A11. P. 24739-24768. DOI: 10.1029/1999JA900308. Sheeley N.R.Jr., Walter H., Wang Y.-M., Howard R.A. Continuous tracking of coronal outflows: Two kinds of coronal mass ejections. J. Geophys. Res. 1999, vol. 104, no. A11, pp. 24739-24768. DOI: 10.1029/1999JA900308. Shen Y., Liu Y., Su J. Sympathetic partial and full filament eruptions observed in one solar breakout event // Astrophys. J. 2012. V. 750, 12. 13 p. DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/750/1/12. Shen Y., Liu Y., Su J. Sympathetic partial and full filament eruptions observed in one solar breakout event. Astrophys. J. 2012, vol. 750, 12, 13 p. DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/750/1/12. Sterling A.C., Moore R.L. Slow-rise and fast-rise phases of an erupting solar filament, and flare emission onset // Astrophys. J. 2005. V. 630, N 2. P. 1148-1159. DOI: 10.1086/432044. Sterling A.C., Moore R.L. Slow-rise and fast-rise phases of an erupting solar filament, and flare emission onset. Astrophys. J. 2005, vol. 630, no. 2, pp. 1148-1159. DOI: 10.1086/432044. Temmer M., Veronig A.M., Vršnak B., et al. Acceleration in fast halo CMEs and synchronized flare HXR bursts // Astrophys. J. Lett. 2008. V. 673. P. L95-L98. DOI: 10.1086/527414. Temmer M., Veronig A.M., Vršnak B., Rybák J., Gömöry P., Stoiser S., Maričić D. Acceleration in fast halo CMEs and synchronized flare HXR bursts. Astrophys. J. Lett. 2008, vol. 673, pp. L95-L98. DOI: 10.1086/527414. Thernisien A., Vourlidas A., Howard R.A. Forward modeling of coronal mass ejection using STEREO/SECCHI data // Solar Phys. 2009. V. 256. P. 111-130. DOI: 10.1007/s11207-009-9346-5. Thernisien A., Vourlidas A., Howard R.A. Forward modeling of coronal mass ejection using STEREO/SECCHI data. Solar Phys. 2009, vol. 256, pp. 111-130. DOI: 10.1007/s11207-009-9346-5. Vernazza J.E., Avrett E.H., Loeser R. Structure of the solar chromophere. Basic computations and summary of the results // Astrophys. J. 1973. V. 184. P. 605-631. DOI: 10.1086/152353. Vernazza J.E., Avrett E.H., Loeser R. Structure of the solar chromophere. Basic computations and summary of the results. Astrophys. J. 1973, vol. 184, pp. 605-631. DOI: 10.1086/152353. Vernazza J.E., Avrett E.H., Loeser R. Structure of the solar chromophere. II. The underlying photosphere and temperature-minimum region // Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 1976. V. 30. P. 1-60. DOI: 10.1086/190356. Vernazza J.E., Avrett E.H., Loeser R. Structure of the solar chromophere. II. The underlying photosphere and temperature-minimum region. Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser.1976, vol. 30, pp. 1-60. DOI: 10.1086/190356. Wang Y.-M., Sheeley N.R., Socker D.G., et al. The dynamical nature of coronal streamers // J. Geophys. Res. 2000. V. 105. P. 25,133-25,142. DOI: 10.1029/2000JA000149. Wang Y.-M., Sheeley N.R., Socker D.G., Howard R.A., Rich N.B. The dynamical nature of coronal streamers. J. Geophys. Res. 2000, vol. 105, pp. 25,133-25,142. DOI: 10.1029/2000 JA000149. Zagainova Iu.S., Fainshtein V.G. How do fast impulse CMEs related to powerful flares but unrelated to eruptive filaments appear and move? // Adv. Space Res. 2015. V. 55, iss. 3. P. 822-834. DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2014.05.032. Zagainova Iu.S., Fainshtein V.G. How do fast impulse CMEs related to powerful flares but unrelated to eruptive filaments appear and move? Adv. Space Res. 2015, vol. 55, iss. 3, pp. 822-834. DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2014.05.032. Zhang J., Wang J., Deng Y., Wu D. Magnetic flux cancellation associated with the major solar event on 2000 July 14 // Astrophys. J. 2001. V. 548. P. L99-L102. Zhang J., Wang J., Deng Y., Wu D. Magnetic flux cancellation associated with the major solar event on 2000 July 14. Astrophys. J. 2001, vol. 548, pp. L99-L102. URL: https://www.nso.edu/telescopes/nisp (дата обращения 27 марта 2020 г.). URL: https://www.nso.edu/telescopes/nisp (accessed March 27, 2020). URL: http://gong2.nso.edu (дата обращения 27 марта 2020 г.). URL: http://gong2.nso.edu (accessed March 27, 2020).