Solar-Terrestrial Physics Solar-Terrestrial Physics Solar-Terrestrial Physics 2500-0535 24433 10.12737/stp-44201804 Results of current research Results of current research Results of current research After-effects of geomagnetic storms: statistical analysis and theoretical explanation After-effects of geomagnetic storms: statistical analysis and theoretical explanation https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0847-3553 Ратовский Константин Геннадьевич Ratovsky Konstantin Gennadyevich ratovsky@iszf.irk.ru

кандидат физико-математических наук;

candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;

 Клименко Максим Владимирович Klimenko Maksim Vladimirovich maksim.klimenko@mail.ru

кандидат физико-математических наук;

candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;

 Клименко Владимир Викторович Klimenko Vladimir Viktorovich vvk_48@mail.ru

кандидат физико-математических наук;

candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;

 Чирик Николай Васильевич Chirik Nikolay Vasilyevich wsaad@mail.ru Коренькова Нина Алексеевна Korenkova Nina Alekseevna ninakoral@gmail.com Котова Дарья Сергеевна Kotova Daria Sergeevna darshu@ya.ru

кандидат физико-математических наук;

candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;

 Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН Иркутск Россия Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS Irkutsk Russian Federation Западное отделение ИЗМИРАН Калининград Россия WD IZMIRAN Kaliningrad Russian Federation Балтийский федеральный университет имени И. Канта Калининград Россия I. Kant Baltic Federal University Kaliningrad Russian Federation Западное отделение ИЗМИРАН Калининград Россия WD IZMIRAN Kaliningrad Russian Federation Западное отделение Института земного магнетизма, ионосферы и распространения радиоволн им. А.С. Пушкова РАН Калининград Россия West Department of Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation RAS Kaliningrad Russian Federation Балтийский федеральный университет им. Иммануила Канта Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University Калининградский филиал Института земного магнетизма, ионосферы и распространения радиоволн им. Н.В. Пушкова РАН Калининград Россия West Department of Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation RAS Kaliningrad Russian Federation Западное отделение ИЗМИРАН Калининград Россия WD IZMIRAN Kaliningrad Russian Federation Балтийский федеральный университет имени И. Канта Калининград Россия I. Kant Baltic Federal University Kaliningrad Russian Federation 4 4 26 32 https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/24433/view

Our previous studies have shown the presence of daytime positive electron density disturb-ances during several days after the start of the recovery phase. The aim of this paper is to study after-effects of geomagnetic storms (after-storm effects), i.e. ionospher-ic effects observed on the 3–5th day after the beginning of the storm recovery phase. From numerical calcula-tions with the GSM TIP model, we have found the main mechanisms for the formation of the after-storm effects. Using Irkutsk (52° N, 104° E) and Kaliningrad (54° N, 20° E) ionosonde data, we have carried out a statistical analysis of daytime ionospheric responses to geomagnetic storms. As a result of the analysis, we obtained averaged ionospheric responses at the beginning of the storm recovery phase and for five consecutive days. The statistical analysis results received near the beginning of the recovery phase are in good agreement with the well-known ionospheric effects of geomagnetic storms obtained in previous studies. For the first time, the obtained statistics of iono-spheric responses observed on the 3–5th day after the beginning of the recovery phase allowed us to reveal the dependence of after-storm ionospheric effects on season, storm intensity, and ionosonde geomagnetic latitude. In addition, we for the first time present the interpretation of after-storm ionospheric effects from numerical simulation results.

Our previous studies have shown the presence of daytime positive electron density disturb-ances during several days after the start of the recovery phase. The aim of this paper is to study after-effects of geomagnetic storms (after-storm effects), i.e. ionospher-ic effects observed on the 3–5th day after the beginning of the storm recovery phase. From numerical calcula-tions with the GSM TIP model, we have found the main mechanisms for the formation of the after-storm effects. Using Irkutsk (52° N, 104° E) and Kaliningrad (54° N, 20° E) ionosonde data, we have carried out a statistical analysis of daytime ionospheric responses to geomagnetic storms. As a result of the analysis, we obtained averaged ionospheric responses at the beginning of the storm recovery phase and for five consecutive days. The statistical analysis results received near the beginning of the recovery phase are in good agreement with the well-known ionospheric effects of geomagnetic storms obtained in previous studies. For the first time, the obtained statistics of iono-spheric responses observed on the 3–5th day after the beginning of the recovery phase allowed us to reveal the dependence of after-storm ionospheric effects on season, storm intensity, and ionosonde geomagnetic latitude. In addition, we for the first time present the interpretation of after-storm ionospheric effects from numerical simulation results.

 geomagnetic storm after-storm ionospheric effects statistics GSM TIP model geomagnetic storm after-storm ionospheric effects statistics GSM TIP model

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