Mytischi, Moscow, Russian Federation
Mytischi, Moscow, Russian Federation
Torrefication is a process of low-temperature pyrolysis of wood, used to improve the properties of wood fuel. Torrefied fuel has several advantages compared to the original. Thermal degradation causes changes in mass and composition of wood with increase in carbon percentage, which leads to an increase of combustion value Q. Thermal destruction can be viewed as a multistage process. The degree of decomposition of the material depends on temperature, time of exposure to heat and kinetic parameters of each stage of the process. The article presents the results of experimental studies of combustion value of torrefied woody biomass and its dependence on the degree of thermal decomposition. For experimental studies experimental setup was designed and manufactured. Experimental checking of the installation was carried out. The test showed that accuracy of determining combustion value is not more than 2 %. For experimental studies of the dependence of combustion value on the degree of thermal degradation, samples of wood were prepared in its unsaturated decomposition. Heat treatment of samples was carried out in inert gas environment of helium. Values of heat combustion of wood fuel with varying degrees of thermal destruction are obtained. Model of the dependence of calorific value from relative mass of wood fuel ω is proposed. The mathematical model allowing to determine the relative mass of wood as a function of temperature and time is represented. Dependence of combustion value on degree of thermal decomposition of wood is obtained in explicit form.
torrefication, combustion value, thermal degradation, kinetic parameters.
Рост промышленности и экономики неразрывно связан с доступностью энергоресурсов и развитием энергетики. В настоящее время наблюдается стабильный рост добычи углеводородных ресурсов – газа и нефти. Однако их запасы ограничены. Это приводит к постановке задачи более широкого использования возобновляемых и нетрадиционных источников энергии. Одним из решений является развитие биоэнергетики, предполагающее внедрение новых технологий, разработки и внедрения новых видов топлив, получаемых из биомассы. Свойства топлив, вырабатываемых из биомассы, зависят от свойств исходного сырья и технологии обработки.
В настоящее время в мире доля биоэнергетики составляет до 14 % от общего энергопотребления и продолжает увеличиваться. Существуют прогнозы, показывающие увеличение вклада биомассы до 23,8 % к 2040 г. Один из видов биомассы получают из древесины.
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