Solar-Terrestrial Physics Solar-Terrestrial Physics Solar-Terrestrial Physics 2500-0535 15171 10.12737/24275 Results of current research Results of current research Results of current research Influence of January 2009 stratospheric warming on HF radio wave propagation in the low-latitude ionosphere Influence of January 2009 stratospheric warming on HF radio wave propagation in the low-latitude ionosphere Котова Дарья Сергеевна Kotova Daria Sergeevna darshu@ya.ru

кандидат физико-математических наук;

candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;

 Клименко Максим Владимирович Klimenko Maksim Vladimirovich maksim.klimenko@mail.ru

кандидат физико-математических наук;

candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;

 Клименко Владимир Викторович Klimenko Vladimir Viktorovich vvk_48@mail.ru

кандидат физико-математических наук;

candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;

 Захаров Вениамин Ефимович Zakharov Veniamin Efimovich VEZakharov@kantiana.ru

доктор физико-математических наук;

doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;

 Бессараб Федор Семенович Bessarab Fedor Semenovich FBESSARAB@kantiana.ru

кандидат физико-математических наук;

candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;

 Кореньков Юрий Николаевич Korenkov Yuriy Nikolaevich kor_yu@mail.ru

доктор физико-математических наук;

doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;

 Западное отделение ИЗМИРАН Калининград Россия WD IZMIRAN Kaliningrad Russian Federation Балтийский федеральный университет имени И. Канта Калининград Россия I. Kant Baltic Federal University Kaliningrad Russian Federation Западное отделение ИЗМИРАН Калининград Россия WD IZMIRAN Kaliningrad Russian Federation Балтийский федеральный университет имени И. Канта Калининград Россия I. Kant Baltic Federal University Kaliningrad Russian Federation Западное отделение ИЗМИРАН Калининград Россия WD IZMIRAN Kaliningrad Russian Federation Балтийский федеральный университет имени И. Канта Калининград Россия I. Kant Baltic Federal University Kaliningrad Russian Federation Калининградский филиал Института земного магнетизма, ионосферы и распространения радиоволн им. Н.В. Пушкова РАН Калининград Россия West Department of Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Mag-netism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation RAS Kaliningrad Russian Federation Балтийский федеральный университет имени И. Канта Калининград Россия I. Kant Baltic Federal University Kaliningrad Russian Federation Западное отделение ИЗМИРАН Калининград Россия WD IZMIRAN Kaliningrad Russian Federation 23 01 2017 23 01 2017 2 4 81 93 https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/15171/view

We have considered the influence of the January 23–27, 2009 sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event on HF radio wave propagation in the equatorial ionosphere. This event took place during extremely low solar and geomagnetic activity. We use the simulation results obtained with the Global Self-consistent Model of the Thermosphere, Ionosphere and Protonosphere (GSM TIP) for simulating environmental changes during the SSW event. We both qualitatively and quantitatively reproduced total electron content disturbances obtained from global ground network receiver observations of GPS navigation satellite signals, by setting an additional electric potential and TIME-GCM model output at a height of 80 km. In order to study the influence of this SSW event on HF radio wave propagation and attenuation, we used the numerical model of radio wave propagation based on geometrical optics approximation. It is shown that the sudden stratospheric warming leads to radio signal attenuation and deterioration of radio communication in the daytime equatorial ionosphere.

We have considered the influence of the January 23–27, 2009 sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event on HF radio wave propagation in the equatorial ionosphere. This event took place during extremely low solar and geomagnetic activity. We use the simulation results obtained with the Global Self-consistent Model of the Thermosphere, Ionosphere and Protonosphere (GSM TIP) for simulating environmental changes during the SSW event. We both qualitatively and quantitatively reproduced total electron content disturbances obtained from global ground network receiver observations of GPS navigation satellite signals, by setting an additional electric potential and TIME-GCM model output at a height of 80 km. In order to study the influence of this SSW event on HF radio wave propagation and attenuation, we used the numerical model of radio wave propagation based on geometrical optics approximation. It is shown that the sudden stratospheric warming leads to radio signal attenuation and deterioration of radio communication in the daytime equatorial ionosphere.

 Sudden stratospheric warming HF radio communication Radio signal attenuation Equatorial ioni-zation anomaly 3D modeling Sudden stratospheric warming HF radio communication Radio signal attenuation Equatorial ioni-zation anomaly 3D modeling

Bessarab F.S., Korenkov Yu.N., Klimenko M.V., Klimenko V.V., Karpov I.V., Ratovsky K.G., Chernigovskaya M.A. Modeling the effect of sudden stratospheric warming within the thermosphere-ionosphere system. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2012, vol. 90-91, pp. 77-85. Bessarab F.S., Korenkov Yu.N., Klimenko M.V., Klimenko V.V., Karpov I.V., Ratovsky K.G., Chernigovskaya M.A. Modeling the effect of sudden stratospheric warming within the thermosphere-ionosphere system. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2012, vol. 90-91, pp. 77-85. Bilitza D. International Reference Ionosphere 2000. Radio Sci. 2001, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 261-275. Bilitza D. International Reference Ionosphere 2000. Radio Sci. 2001, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 261-275. Bryunelli B.E., Namgaladze A.A. Fizika ionosfery [Physics of the Ionosphere]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1988. 528 p. (In Russian). Bryunelli B.E., Namgaladze A.A. Fizika ionosfery [Physics of the Ionosphere]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1988. 528 p. (In Russian). Chau J.L., Aponte N.A., Cabossa E., Sulzer M.P., Goncharenko L.P., González S.A. Quiet time ionospheric variability over Arecibo during sudden stratospheric warming events. J. Geophys. Res. 2010, vol. 115, A00G06. DOI: 10.1029 / 2010JA015378. Chau J.L., Aponte N.A., Cabossa E., Sulzer M.P., Goncharenko L.P., González S.A. Quiet time ionospheric variability over Arecibo during sudden stratospheric warming events. J. Geophys. Res. 2010, vol. 115, A00G06. DOI: 10.1029 / 2010JA015378. Chau J.L., Goncharenko L.P., Fejer B.G., Liu H.L. Equatorial and low latitude ionospheric effects during sudden stratospheric warming events. Space Sci. Rev. 2011. DOI: 10.1007 / s11214-011-9797-5. Chau J.L., Goncharenko L.P., Fejer B.G., Liu H.L. Equatorial and low latitude ionospheric effects during sudden stratospheric warming events. Space Sci. Rev. 2011. DOI: 10.1007 / s11214-011-9797-5. Fagundes P.R., Goncharenko L.P., de Abreu A.J., Venkatesh K., Pezzopane M., de Jesus R., Gende M., Coster A.J., Pillat V.G. Ionospheric response to the 2009 sudden stratospheric warming over the equatorial, low, and middle latitudes in the South American sector. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2015, vol. 120, pp. 7889-7902. DOI: 10.1002 / 2014JA020649. Fagundes P.R., Goncharenko L.P., de Abreu A.J., Venkatesh K., Pezzopane M., de Jesus R., Gende M., Coster A.J., Pillat V.G. Ionospheric response to the 2009 sudden stratospheric warming over the equatorial, low, and middle latitudes in the South American sector. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2015, vol. 120, pp. 7889-7902. DOI: 10.1002 / 2014JA020649. Fejer B.G., Tracy B.D., Olson M.E., Chau J.L. Enhanced lunar semidiurnal equatorial vertical plasma drifts during sudden stratospheric warmings. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2011, vol. 38, L21104. DOI: 10.1029 / 2011GL049788. Fejer B.G., Tracy B.D., Olson M.E., Chau J.L. Enhanced lunar semidiurnal equatorial vertical plasma drifts during sudden stratospheric warmings. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2011, vol. 38, L21104. DOI: 10.1029 / 2011GL049788. Fuller-Rowell T., Wang H., Akmaev R., Wu F., Fang T.W., Iredell M., Richmond A.D. Forecasting the dynamic and electrodynamic response to the January 2009 sudden stratospheric warming. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2011, vol. 38, L13102. DOI: 10.1029 / 2011GL047732. Fuller-Rowell T., Wang H., Akmaev R., Wu F., Fang T.W., Iredell M., Richmond A.D. Forecasting the dynamic and electrodynamic response to the January 2009 sudden stratospheric warming. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2011, vol. 38, L13102. DOI: 10.1029 / 2011GL047732. Fuller-Rowell T., Wu F., Akmaev R., Fang T.W., Araujo-Pradere E. A whole atmosphere model sim-ulation of the impact of a sudden stratospheric warming on thermosphere dynamics and electrody-namics. J. Geophys. Res. 2010, vol. 115, A00G08. DOI: 10.1029 / 2010JA015524. Fuller-Rowell T., Wu F., Akmaev R., Fang T.W., Araujo-Pradere E. A whole atmosphere model sim-ulation of the impact of a sudden stratospheric warming on thermosphere dynamics and electrody-namics. J. Geophys. Res. 2010, vol. 115, A00G08. DOI: 10.1029 / 2010JA015524. Goncharenko L.P., Chau J.L., Liu H.-L., Coster A.J. Unexpected connection between the stratosphere and ionosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2010a, vol. 37, L10101. DOI: 10.1029 / 2010GL043125. Goncharenko L.P., Chau J.L., Liu H.-L., Coster A.J. Unexpected connection between the stratosphere and ionosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2010a, vol. 37, L10101. DOI: 10.1029 / 2010GL043125. Goncharenko L.P., Coster A.J., Chau J.L., Vallandares C.E. Impact of sudden stratospheric warming on equatorial ionization anomaly. J. Geophys. Res. 2010b, vol. 115, A00G07. DOI: 10.1029 / 2010JA015400. Goncharenko L.P., Coster A.J., Chau J.L., Vallandares C.E. Impact of sudden stratospheric warming on equatorial ionization anomaly. J. Geophys. Res. 2010b, vol. 115, A00G07. DOI: 10.1029 / 2010JA015400. Hedin A.E. Extension of the MSIS thermospheric model into the middle and lower atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 1991, vol. 96, A2, pp. 1159-1172. Hedin A.E. Extension of the MSIS thermospheric model into the middle and lower atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 1991, vol. 96, A2, pp. 1159-1172. Jin H., Miyoshi Y., Pancheva D., Mukhtarov P., Fujiwara H., Shinagawa H. Response of migrating tides to the stratospheric sudden warming in 2009 and their effects on the ionosphere studied by a whole atmosphere-ionosphere model GAIA with COSMIC and TIMED/SABER observations. J. Geophys. Res. 2012, vol. 117, A10323. DOI: 10.1029/2012JA017650. Jin H., Miyoshi Y., Pancheva D., Mukhtarov P., Fujiwara H., Shinagawa H. Response of migrating tides to the stratospheric sudden warming in 2009 and their effects on the ionosphere studied by a whole atmosphere-ionosphere model GAIA with COSMIC and TIMED/SABER observations. J. Geophys. Res. 2012, vol. 117, A10323. DOI: 10.1029/2012JA017650. Klimenko M.V., Klimenko V.V., Bessarab F.S., Korenkov Yu.N., Liu H., Goncharenko L.P., Tolstikov M.V. Study of the thermospheric and ionospheric response to the 2009 sudden stratospheric warming using TIME-GCM and GSM TIP models: First results. J. Geophys. Res. 2015, vol. 120, no. 9, pp. 7873-7888. DOI: 10.1002/2014JA020861. Klimenko M.V., Klimenko V.V., Bessarab F.S., Korenkov Yu.N., Liu H., Goncharenko L.P., Tolstikov M.V. Study of the thermospheric and ionospheric response to the 2009 sudden stratospheric warming using TIME-GCM and GSM TIP models: First results. J. Geophys. Res. 2015, vol. 120, no. 9, pp. 7873-7888. DOI: 10.1002/2014JA020861. Klimenko M.V., Klimenko V.V., Korenkov Yu.N., Bessarab F.S., Karpov I.V., Ratovsky K.G., Chernigovskaya M.A. Modeling of response of the thermosphere-ionosphere system to sudden stratospheric warmings of years 2008 and 2009. Cosmic Res. 2013, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 62-72. DOI: 10.1134/ S001095251301005X. Klimenko M.V., Klimenko V.V., Korenkov Yu.N., Bessarab F.S., Karpov I.V., Ratovsky K.G., Chernigovskaya M.A. Modeling of response of the thermosphere-ionosphere system to sudden stratospheric warmings of years 2008 and 2009. Cosmic Res. 2013, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 62-72. DOI: 10.1134/ S001095251301005X. Klimenko M.V., Klimenko V.V., Bessarab F.S., Korenkov Yu.N., Rozanov E.V., Reddmann T., Zakharenkova I.E., Tolstikov M.V. Application of the models of the middle and upper atmosphere to simulation of total electron content perturbations caused by the 2009 stratospheric warming. Rus. J. Phys. Chem. B. 2016, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 109-116. Klimenko M.V., Klimenko V.V., Bessarab F.S., Korenkov Yu.N., Rozanov E.V., Reddmann T., Zakharenkova I.E., Tolstikov M.V. Application of the models of the middle and upper atmosphere to simulation of total electron content perturbations caused by the 2009 stratospheric warming. Rus. J. Phys. Chem. B. 2016, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 109-116. Kochetkova O.S., Mordvinov V.I., Rudneva M.A. Analysis of the factors affecting the occurrence of stratospheric warming. Optika atmosfery i okeana [Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics]. 2014, vol. 27, no. 08, pp. 719-727. (In Russian). Kochetkova O.S., Mordvinov V.I., Rudneva M.A. Analysis of the factors affecting the occurrence of stratospheric warming. Optika atmosfery i okeana [Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics]. 2014, vol. 27, no. 08, pp. 719-727. (In Russian). Korenkov Yu.N., Klimenko V.V., Klimenko M.V., Bessarab F.S., Korenkova N.A., Ratovsky K.G., Chernigovskaya M.A., Shcherbakov A.A., Sahai Y., Fagundes P.R., de Jesus R., de Abreu A.J., Condor P. The global thermospheric and ionospheric response to the 2008 minor sudden stratospheric warming event. J. Geophys. Res. 2012, vol. 117, A10309. DOI: 10.1029/2012JA018018. Korenkov Yu.N., Klimenko V.V., Klimenko M.V., Bessarab F.S., Korenkova N.A., Ratovsky K.G., Chernigovskaya M.A., Shcherbakov A.A., Sahai Y., Fagundes P.R., de Jesus R., de Abreu A.J., Condor P. The global thermospheric and ionospheric response to the 2008 minor sudden stratospheric warming event. J. Geophys. Res. 2012, vol. 117, A10309. DOI: 10.1029/2012JA018018. Kotova D.S., Klimenko M.V., Klimenko V.V., Zakharov V.E. Numerical simulation of the influence of the May 2-3, 2010 geomagnetic storm on HF radio-wave propagation in the ionosphere. Izvestya VUZov. Radiofizika. [Radiophys. Quant. Electr.]. 2014, vol. 57, no. 7, pp. 519-530. (In Russian). Kotova D.S., Klimenko M.V., Klimenko V.V., Zakharov V.E. Numerical simulation of the influence of the May 2-3, 2010 geomagnetic storm on HF radio-wave propagation in the ionosphere. Izvestya VUZov. Radiofizika. [Radiophys. Quant. Electr.]. 2014, vol. 57, no. 7, pp. 519-530. (In Russian). Kotova D.S., Klimenko M.V., Klimenko V.V., Zakharov V.E., Ratovsky K.G., Nosikov I.A., Zhao B. Using IRI and GSM TIP model results as environment for HF radio wave propagation model during the geomagnetic storm occurred on September 26-29, 2011. Adv. Space Res. 2015, vol. 56, no. 9, pp. 2012-2029. DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2015.05.009. Kotova D.S., Klimenko M.V., Klimenko V.V., Zakharov V.E., Ratovsky K.G., Nosikov I.A., Zhao B. Using IRI and GSM TIP model results as environment for HF radio wave propagation model during the geomagnetic storm occurred on September 26-29, 2011. Adv. Space Res. 2015, vol. 56, no. 9, pp. 2012-2029. DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2015.05.009. Kotova D.S., Zakharov V.E., Klimenko M.V., Klimenko V.V. Development of the model of HF radio-wave propagation in the ionosphere. Khimicheskaya fizika [Russ. J. Phys. Chem.]. 2015, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 62-71. (In Russian). Kotova D.S., Zakharov V.E., Klimenko M.V., Klimenko V.V. Development of the model of HF radio-wave propagation in the ionosphere. Khimicheskaya fizika [Russ. J. Phys. Chem.]. 2015, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 62-71. (In Russian). Liu H.-L., Wang W., Richmond A.D., Roble R.G. Ionospheric variability due to planetary waves and tides for solar minimum conditions, J. Geophys. Res. 2010, vol. 115, A00G07. DOI: 10.1029/2009JA015188. Liu H.-L., Wang W., Richmond A.D., Roble R.G. Ionospheric variability due to planetary waves and tides for solar minimum conditions, J. Geophys. Res. 2010, vol. 115, A00G07. DOI: 10.1029/2009JA015188. Liu H., Jin H., Miyoshi Y., Fujiwara H., Shinagawa H. Upper atmosphere response to stratosphere sudden warming: Local time and height dependence simulated by GAIA model, Geophys. Res. Lett. 2013, vol. 40, pp. 635-640. DOI:10.1002/ grl.50146. Liu H., Jin H., Miyoshi Y., Fujiwara H., Shinagawa H. Upper atmosphere response to stratosphere sudden warming: Local time and height dependence simulated by GAIA model, Geophys. Res. Lett. 2013, vol. 40, pp. 635-640. DOI:10.1002/ grl.50146. Mbatha N., Sivakumar V., Malinga S.B. et al. Study on the impact of sudden stratosphere warming in the upper mesosphere-lower thermosphere regions using satellite and HF radar measurements. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2010, vol. 10, pp. 3397-3404. Mbatha N., Sivakumar V., Malinga S.B. et al. Study on the impact of sudden stratosphere warming in the upper mesosphere-lower thermosphere regions using satellite and HF radar measurements. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2010, vol. 10, pp. 3397-3404. Namgaladze A.A., Korenkov Yu.N., Klimenko V.V., Karpov I.V., Bessarab F.S., Surotkin V.A., Glushchenko T.A., Naumova N.M. Global Numerical Model of the Earth´s thermosphere, ionosphere and protonosphere. Geomagnetizm i aeronomiya [Geomagnetism and Aeronomy]. 1990, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 612-619. (In Russian). Namgaladze A.A., Korenkov Yu.N., Klimenko V.V., Karpov I.V., Bessarab F.S., Surotkin V.A., Glushchenko T.A., Naumova N.M. Global Numerical Model of the Earth´s thermosphere, ionosphere and protonosphere. Geomagnetizm i aeronomiya [Geomagnetism and Aeronomy]. 1990, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 612-619. (In Russian). Pancheva D., Mukhtarov P. Stratospheric warmings: The atmosphere-ionosphere coupling paradigm. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2011, vol. 73, no. 13., pp. 1697-1702. DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2011.03.006. Pancheva D., Mukhtarov P. Stratospheric warmings: The atmosphere-ionosphere coupling paradigm. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2011, vol. 73, no. 13., pp. 1697-1702. DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2011.03.006. Pedatella N.M., Fang T.-W., Jin H., Sassi F., Schmidt H., Chau J.L., Siddiqui T.A., Goncharenko L. Multimodel comparison of the ionosphere variability during the 2009 sudden stratosphere warming. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2016, vol. 121, pp. 7204-7225. DOI: 10.1002/2016JA022859. Pedatella N.M., Fang T.-W., Jin H., Sassi F., Schmidt H., Chau J.L., Siddiqui T.A., Goncharenko L. Multimodel comparison of the ionosphere variability during the 2009 sudden stratosphere warming. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2016, vol. 121, pp. 7204-7225. DOI: 10.1002/2016JA022859. Pedatella N.M., Maute A. Impact of the semidiurnal lunar tide on the midlatitude thermospheric wind and ionosphere during sudden stratosphere warmings. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2015, vol. 120, pp. 10,740-10,753. DOI: 10.1002/ 2015JA021986. Pedatella N.M., Maute A. Impact of the semidiurnal lunar tide on the midlatitude thermospheric wind and ionosphere during sudden stratosphere warmings. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2015, vol. 120, pp. 10,740-10,753. DOI: 10.1002/ 2015JA021986. Pogoreltsev A.I., Savenkova E.N., Pertsev N.N. Sudden stratospheric warming: the role of normal atmospheric modes. Geomag. Aeron. 2014, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 357-372. Pogoreltsev A.I., Savenkova E.N., Pertsev N.N. Sudden stratospheric warming: the role of normal atmospheric modes. Geomag. Aeron. 2014, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 357-372. Polyakova A.S., Chernigovskaya M.A., Perevalova N.P. Ionospheric effects of sudden stratospheric warmings in eastern Siberia region. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2014, vol. 120, pp. 15-23. DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2014.08.011. Polyakova A.S., Chernigovskaya M.A., Perevalova N.P. Ionospheric effects of sudden stratospheric warmings in eastern Siberia region. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2014, vol. 120, pp. 15-23. DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2014.08.011. Shpynev B.G., Kurkin V.I., Ratovsky K.G., Chernigov-skaya M.A., Belinskaya A.Yu., Grigorieva S.A., Stepanov A.E., Bychkov V.V., Pancheva D., Mukhtarov P. High-midlatitude ionosphere response to major stratospheric warming. EPS. 2015, vol. 67, no. 18. DOI: 10.1186/s40623-015-0187-1. Shpynev B.G., Kurkin V.I., Ratovsky K.G., Chernigov-skaya M.A., Belinskaya A.Yu., Grigorieva S.A., Stepanov A.E., Bychkov V.V., Pancheva D., Mukhtarov P. High-midlatitude ionosphere response to major stratospheric warming. EPS. 2015, vol. 67, no. 18. DOI: 10.1186/s40623-015-0187-1. Wang H., Akmaev R.A., Fang T.-W., Fuller-Rowell T.J., Wu F., Maruyama N., Iredell M.D. First forecast of a sudden stratospheric warming with a coupled whole-atmosphere/ ionosphere model IDEA. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2014, vol. 119, pp. 2079-2089. DOI: 10.1002/2013JA019481. Wang H., Akmaev R.A., Fang T.-W., Fuller-Rowell T.J., Wu F., Maruyama N., Iredell M.D. First forecast of a sudden stratospheric warming with a coupled whole-atmosphere/ ionosphere model IDEA. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2014, vol. 119, pp. 2079-2089. DOI: 10.1002/2013JA019481. Woollings T., Charlton-Perez A., Ineson S., Marshall A.G., Masato G. Associations between stratospheric variability and tropospheric blocking. J. Geophys. Res. 2010, vol. 115, D6. DOI: 10.1029/2009JD012742. Woollings T., Charlton-Perez A., Ineson S., Marshall A.G., Masato G. Associations between stratospheric variability and tropospheric blocking. J. Geophys. Res. 2010, vol. 115, D6. DOI: 10.1029/2009JD012742. Yiğit E., Medvedev A.S. Internal wave coupling processes in Earth´s atmosphere. Adv. Space Res. 2015, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 983-1003. DOI: 0.1016/j.asr.2014.11.020. Yiğit E., Medvedev A.S. Internal wave coupling processes in Earth´s atmosphere. Adv. Space Res. 2015, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 983-1003. DOI: 0.1016/j.asr.2014.11.020. Yue X., Schreiner W.S., Lei J., Rocken C., Hunt D.C., Kuo Y.-H., Wan W. Global ionospheric response observed by COSMIC satellites during the January 2009 stratospheric sudden warming event. J. Geophys. Res. 2010, vol. 115, A00G09. DOI: 10.1029/2010JA015466. Yue X., Schreiner W.S., Lei J., Rocken C., Hunt D.C., Kuo Y.-H., Wan W. Global ionospheric response observed by COSMIC satellites during the January 2009 stratospheric sudden warming event. J. Geophys. Res. 2010, vol. 115, A00G09. DOI: 10.1029/2010JA015466.