<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Солнечно-земная физика</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2712-9640</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">113774</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/szf-121202605</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="edn">wnfbxo</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Результаты  исследований</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Results of current research</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Результаты  исследований</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Magnetotelluric sounding and electromagnetic diagnostics of the magnetosphere and lithosphere: Possibilities of complementarity</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Магнитотеллурическое зондирование и электромагнитная диагностика магнитосферы и литосферы: возможности взаимодополнения</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-7465</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Пилипенко</surname>
       <given-names>Вячеслав Анатольевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Pilipenko</surname>
       <given-names>Vyacheslav Anatolievich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>space.soliton@gmail.com</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5516-3155</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Федоров</surname>
       <given-names>Евгений Николаевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Fedorov</surname>
       <given-names>Evgeny Nikolaevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>enfedorov1@yandex.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Зинкин</surname>
       <given-names>Денис Владимирович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Zinkin</surname>
       <given-names>Denis Vladimirovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>zinkin.deniz@yandex.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт физики Земли им. О.Ю. Шмидта РАН</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth RAS</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Геофизический центр РАН</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Geophysical Center RAS</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт космических исследований</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Space Research Institute</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт физики Земли им. О.Ю. Шмидта РАН</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth RAS</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт физики Земли им. О.Ю. Шмидта РАН</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth RAS</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-25T13:15:14+03:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>03</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-25T13:15:14+03:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>03</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>12</volume>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <fpage>33</fpage>
   <lpage>44</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-07T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>07</day>
     <month>08</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-20T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>20</day>
     <month>09</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/113774/view">https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/113774/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Наблюдения ультранизкочастотных (УНЧ) вариаций геомагнитного и электротеллурического полей на сети наземных станций является экспериментальной основой нескольких геофизических направлений: магнитотеллурическое зондирование (МТЗ) земной коры; гидромагнитная диагностика околоземной плазмы; электромагнитный мониторинг динамических процессов в литосфере. В предлагаемом обзоре будут продемонстрированы возможности взаимного влияния этих, казалось бы, разнородных направлений. Магнитосферные резонансные эффекты могут вызывать искажения кривой МТЗ над слабопроводящими слоями вблизи локальной резонансной частоты, что может быть неверно истолковано как особенность структуры земной коры. С другой стороны, возможен новый метод гидромагнитной диагностики, использующий как магнитные, так и электрические компоненты вариаций УНЧ-поля, который дает возможность по данным одного пункта наблюдения определить широтный ход резонансной частоты. При поиске электромагнитных предвестников землетрясений можно воспользоваться возможностью разделения магнитосферных и сейсмогенных возмущений, опираясь на то обстоятельство, что для ионосферных источников кажущийся импеданс совпадает с поверхностным импедансом Земли, а импеданс возмущений, создаваемых литосферным источником, на порядок его превышает. До сих пор вызывает споры важный для МТЗ вопрос наличия электрической моды в поле падающих на земную поверхность геомагнитных пульсаций. Разработанная в физике МГД-волн модель взаимодействия альфвеновской волны с ионосферой показывает слабое возбуждение электрической моды. Генерация искусственных УНЧ-сигналов с использованием линий электропередачи в качестве горизонтальной излучающей мега-антенны дает возможность проведения МТЗ на большой площади.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Observations of ultra-low-frequency (ULF) variations in geomagnetic and electrotelluric fields at a network of ground stations are the experimental basis for several geophysical areas: magnetotelluric sounding (MTS) of the earth’s crust; hydromagnetic diagnostics of the near-Earth plasma; electromagnetic monitoring of dynamic processes in the lithosphere. The proposed review will demonstrate the possibilities of mutual influence of these seemingly dissimilar areas. Magnetospheric resonance effects can cause distortions of the MTS curve over low-conductive layers near the local resonance frequency, which can be misinterpreted as a feature of the earth’s crust structure. On the other hand, a new method of hydromagnetic diagnostics may be adopted that uses both magnetic and electric components of ULF field variations, which can determine the latitudinal variation of the resonance frequency based on data from one observation site. When searching for electromagnetic precursors of earthquakes, we can take an opportunity to separate magnetospheric and seismogenic disturbances, relying on the fact that for ionospheric sources the apparent impedance coincides with the surface impedance of the earth, but the impedance of disturbances created by a lithospheric source exceeds it by an order of magnitude. The question about the presence of an electric mode in the field of geomagnetic pulsations incident on the earth's surface, which is important for MTS sounding, is still controversial. The model of interaction between the Alfvén wave and the ionosphere developed in physics of MHD waves shows a weak excitation of the electric mode. The generation of artificial ULF signals by power lines as a horizontal radiating mega-antenna makes it possible to conduct MTS over a large area.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>УНЧ-волны</kwd>
    <kwd>магнитотеллурическое зондирование</kwd>
    <kwd>диагностика магнитосферы</kwd>
    <kwd>электромагнитный прогноз землетрясений</kwd>
    <kwd>активные эксперименты</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>ULF waves</kwd>
    <kwd>magnetotelluric sounding</kwd>
    <kwd>magnetosphere diagnostics</kwd>
    <kwd>electromagnetic earthquake forecasting</kwd>
    <kwd>active experiments</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа Д.В. Зинкина выполнена при поддержке гранта РНФ № 25-47-01004</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work of D.V. Zinkin was financially supported by RSF (Grant No. 25-47-01004)</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Александров П.Н., Рыбин А.К., Забинякова О.Б. Разделение электромагнитного поля по положению источников в магнитотеллурическом методе. Ученые записки Казанского университета. 2018, т. 160, кн. 2, с. 339–351.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aleksandrov P.N., Rybin A.K., Zabinyakova O.B. Separation of the electromagnetic field by the position of sources in the magnetotelluric method. Scientific Notes of Kazan University. 2018, vol. 160, book 2. pp. 339–351.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Альперович Л.С., Федоров Е.Н., Осьмакова Т.Б. Об особенностях теллурического поля вблизи резонансной магнитной оболочки. Изв. АН СССР. Физика Земли. 1991, № 7, с. 60–71.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alperovich L.S., Fedorov E.N. Hydromagnetic waves in the magnetosphere and the ionosphere. Astrophys. Space Sci. Library. 2007, vol. 353, Springer, Berlin, 418 p.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Анисимов С.В., Курнева Н.А., Пилипенко В.А. Вклад электрической моды в поле пульсаций Рс3-4. Геомагнетизм и аэрономия, 1993, т. 33, № 3, с. 35-41.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alperovich L.S., Fedorov E.N., Osmakova T.B. On the features of the telluric field near the resonant magnetic shell. Bull. USSR Academy of Sciences, Physics of the Solid Earth. 1991, iss. 7, pp. 60–71.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бандилет О.И., Землянкин Г.И., Федоренко Ю.В. Пульсации вертикальной компоненты геоэлектрического поля в диапазонах Pi1-2 и Pc1. Геомагнетизм и аэрономия. 1980. т. 20, № 1. с. 165−168.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anisimov S.V., Kurneva N.A., Pilipenko V.A. Input of electric mode into the field of Pc3-4 pulsations. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 1993, vol. 33, iss. 3, pp. 35–41.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беляев П.П., Поляков С.В., Ермакова Е.Н. и др. Первые эксперименты по генерации и приему искусственных УНЧ-излучений (0.3–12 Гц) на дистанции 1500 км. Изв. вузов. Радиофизика. 2002, т. 45, № 2, с. 156–162.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bandilet O.I., Zemlyankin G.I., Fedorenko Yu.V. Pulsations of the vertical component of the geoelectric field in the Pi1-2 and Pc1 ranges. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 1980, vol. 20, iss. 1, pp. 165−168.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бердичевский М.Н., Дмитриев В.И. Магнитотеллурическое зондирование горизонтально-однородных сред. М: Недра, 1992, 250 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baransky L.N., Borovkov Yu.E., Gokhberg M.B., et al. High resolution method of direct measurement of the magnetic field line’s eigen frequencies. Planet. Space Sci. 1985, vol. 33, iss. 12, pp. 1369–1374.  DOI: 10.1016/0032-0633(85)90112-6.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бердичевский М.Н., Дмитриев В.И. Модели и методы магнитотеллурики. М.: Научный мир, 2009, 680 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baransky L.N., Belokris S.P., Borovkov Yu.E., Green C.A. Two simple methods for the determination of the resonance frequencies of magnetic field lines. Planet. Space Sci. 1990, vol. 38, no. 12, pp. 1573–1576. DOI: 10.1016/0032-0633(90)90163-k.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ваньян Л.Л., Бутковская А.И. Магнитотеллурическое зондирование слоистых сред. М.: Недра, 1980.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berdichevsky M.N., Dmitriev V.I. Magnetotelluric Sounding of Horizontally Homogeneous Media. Moscow: Nedra, 1992, 250 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Велихов Е.П., Жамалетдинов А.А, Собчаков Л.А. и др. Опыт частотного электромагнитного зондирования земной коры с применением мощной антенны СНЧ-диапазона. Доклады РАН. 1994, т. 338, № 1, с. 106–109.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berdichevsky M.N., Dmitriev V.I. Models and Methods of Magnetotellurics. Moscow: Scientific World, 2009, 680 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гетманцев Г.Г., Гульельми А.В., Клайн Б.И. и др. Возбуждение магнитных пульсаций при воздействии на ионосферу излучением мощного коротковолнового передатчика. Изв. вузов. Радиофизика. 1977, т. 20, № 7, с. 1017–1019.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belyaev P.P., Ermakova E.N., S.V. Isaev, et al. First experiments on generating and receiving artificial ULF emissions (0.3–12 Hz) at a distance of 1500 km. Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics. 2002, vol. 45, iss. 2, pp. 135–146.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гохберг М.Б., Гуфельд И.Л., Гершензон Н.И., Пилипенко В.А. Эффекты электромагнитной природы при разрушении земной коры. Изв. АН СССР. Физика Земли. 1985, № 1, с. 72–87.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chetaev D.N. Directional Analysis of Magnetotelluric Observations. Moscow: IFZ AN SSSR, 1985, 228 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Грин А.У., Вортингтон Е.У., Пилипенко В.А. и др. Влияние магнитосферного альфвеновского резонанса на спектр пакетов пульсаций Рс3-4 на средних широтах. Геомагнетизм и аэрономия. 1991, т. 31, № 4, с. 619–624.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eliasson B., Chang C.-L., Papadopoulos K.J. Generation of ELF and ULF electromagnetic waves by modulated heating of the ionospheric F2 region. J. Geophys. Res. 2012, vol. 117, art. no. A10320. DOI: 10.1029/2012JA017935.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гульельми A.В. Гидромагнитная диагностика и геоэлектрическое зондирование. Успехи физических наук. 1989, т. 158, с. 605–637.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ermakova E.N., Kotik D.S., Sobchakov L.A., et al. Experimental studies of propagation of artificial electromagnetic signals in the range of 0.6–4.2 Hz. Izvestiya vuzov. Radiofizika [Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics]. 2005, vol. 48, no. 9, pp. 788–799.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гульельми А.В. Гидромагнитная диагностика космической среды. Изв. АН СССР. Физика Земли. 1992, № 5, с. 45.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ermakova E.N., Kotik D.S., Polyakov S.V., et al. A power line as a tunable ULF-wave radiator: Properties of artificial signal at distances of 200 to 1000 km. J. Geophys. Res. 2006, vol. 111, A04305. DOI: 10.1029/2005JA011420.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гульельми А.В., Левшенко В.Т. Электромагнитные сигналы от землетрясений. Изв. АН СССР. Физика Земли. 1994, № 5, с. 65–70.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedorov E.N., Mazur N.G., Pilipenko V.A. Electromagnetic fields in the upper ionosphere from a horizontal ELF ground-based finite-length emitter. Izvestiya VUZ Radiofizika. 2022, vol. 65, no. 9, pp. 697–712. DOI: 10.52452/00213462_2022_65_09_697.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B16">
    <label>16.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гульельми А.В., Гохберг М.Б., Рубан В.Ф. Гидромагнитная диагностика и геоэлектроразведка на базе одиночной обсерватории. Доклады АН СССР. 1989, т. 308, № 3, с. 578–581.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Freund F.T., Heraud J.A., Centa V.A., Scoville J. Mechanism of unipolar electromagnetic pulses emitted from the hypocenters of impending earthquakes. The European Physical Journal Special Topics. 2021, vol. 230, pp. 47–65. DOI: 10.1140/epjst/e2020-000244-4.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B17">
    <label>17.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ермакова Е.Н., Котик Д.С., Собчаков Л.А. и др. Экспериментальные исследования распространения искусственных электромагнитных сигналов в диапазоне 0.6–4.2 Гц. Изв. вузов. Радиофизика. 2005, т. 48, № 9, с. 788–799.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Getmantsev G.G., Guglielmi A.V., Klein B.I., et al. Excitation of magnetic pulsations when the ionosphere is exposed to radiation from a powerful short-wave transmitter. Izvestiya vuzov. Radiofizika [Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics]. 1977, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 1017–1019.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B18">
    <label>18.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жамалетдинов А.А., Шевцов А.Н., Велихов Е.П. и др. Исследование взаимодействия электромагнитных волн КНЧ-СНЧ-диапазона (0.1–200 Гц) с земной корой и ионосферой в поле промышленных линий электропередачи (эксперимент «FENICS»). Геофизические процессы и биосфера. 2015, т. 14, № 2, с. 5–49.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gokhberg M.B., Gufeld I.L., Gershenzon N.I., Pilipenko V.A. Effects of electromagnetic nature during destruction of the earth’s crust. Izvestiya AN SSSR Physics of the Solid Earth. 1985, no. 1, pp. 72–87.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B19">
    <label>19.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зыбин К.Ю., Крылов С.М., Лепендин В.П., и др. О вертикальной электрической напряженности поля геомагнитных пульсаций, Доклады АН СССР. 1974, т. 218, № 4, с. 828–829.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Green A.W., Worthington E.W., Pilipenko V.A., et al. Influence of magnetospheric Alfven resonance on the spectrum of Pc3-4 pulsation packets at midlatitudes. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 1991, vol. 31, iss. 4, pp. 619–624.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B20">
    <label>20.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Котик Д.С., Рябов А.В., Ермакова Е.Н. и др. Свойства УНЧ/ОНЧ-сигналов, генерируемых установкой СУРА в верхней ионосфере. Изв. вузов. Радиофизика. 2013, т. 56, № 6, с. 382–394.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Green A.W., Worthington E.W., Baransky L.N., et al. Alfven field line resonances at low latitudes (L=1.5). J. Geophys. Res. 1993, vol. 98, pp. 15693–15699. DOI: 10.1029/93ja00644.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B21">
    <label>21.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крылов А.Л., Лифшиц А.Е., Федоров Е.Н. О резонансных свойствах магнитосферы. Изв. РАН. Физика Земли. 1981, № 6, с. 49.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guglielmi A.V. Diagnostics of the plasma in the magnetosphere by means of measurement of spectrum of Alfven oscillations. Planet. Space Sci. 1989a, vol. 37, iss. 8, pp. 1011–012. DOI: 10.1016/0032-0633(89)90055-X.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B22">
    <label>22.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лосева Т.В., Кузьмичева М.Ю., Спивак А.А. Электрические и магнитные сигналы при стесненных движениях блоков земной коры. Доклады РАН. 2010, т. 432, № 5, с. 685–688.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guglielmi A.V. Hydromagnetic diagnostics and geoelectric sounding. Physics-Uspekhi. 1989b, vol. 32, iss. 8, pp. 678–696. DOI: 10.1070/PU1989v032n08ABEH002747.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B23">
    <label>23.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мазур Н.Г., Федоров Е.Н., Пилипенко В.А., Боровлева К.Е. Электромагнитные УНЧ-поля на земной поверхности и в ионосфере от подземного сейсмического источника. Изв. РАН. Физика Земли. 2024, № 2, с. 59–71. DOI: 10.31857/S0002333724020058.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guglielmi A.V. Hydromagnetic diagnostics of the space environment. Izvestiya AN SSSR Physics of the Solid Earth. 1992, no. 5, p. 45.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B24">
    <label>24.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пилипенко В.A., Повзнер T.A., Савин И.В., Никомаров Я.Н. Локальная пространственная структура поля геомагнитных пульсаций на средних широтах. Изв. АН СССР. Физика Земли. 1988, № 10, с. 54–61.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guglielmi A.V., Levshenko V.T. Electromagnetic signals from earthquakes. Izvestiya AN SSSR Physics of the Solid Earth. 1994, no. 5, pp. 65–70.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B25">
    <label>25.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пилипенко В.А., Позднякова Д.Д., Савельева Н.В. Ультранизкочастотные волны в космосе и на Земле. Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук. Физика. 2024a, vol. 96, № 9-3, с. 163–205. DOI: 10.24412/2500-1000-2024-9-3-163-205.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guglielmi A.V., Gokhberg M.B., Ruban V.F. Hydromagnetic diagnostics and geoelectric prospecting based on a single observatory. Rep. USSR Academy of Sciences. 1989, vol. 308, no. 3, pp. 578–581.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B26">
    <label>26.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пилипенко В.А., Мазур Н.Г., Федоров Е.Н., Шевцов А.Н. О возможности экспериментов по возбуждению искусственных ультранизкочастотных излучений в ионосфере установкой FENICS на Кольском полуострове. Известия РАН. Серия физическая. 2024б, т. 88, № 3, с. 392–400.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guo Z., Fang H., Honary F. The generation of ULF/ELF/VLF waves in the ionosphere by modulated heating. Universe. 2021, vol. 7, no. 2, p. 29. DOI: 10.3390/universe7020029.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B27">
    <label>27.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пилипенко В.А., Ермакова Е.Н., Потапов А.С.и др. Возбуждение глобальных искусственных сигналов диапазона Рс1 в эксперименте FENICS-2024: 1. Наблюдения. Солнечно-земная физика. 2025, т. 11, № 2, с. 124–131. DOI: 10.12737/szf-112202511 / Pilipenko V.A., Ermakova E.N., Potapov A.S., et al. Excitation of global artificial Pc1 signals during FENICS-2024 experiment: 1. Observations. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 2025, vol. 11, iss. 2, pp. 111–118. DOI: 10.12737/stp-112202511.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hayakawa M., Hattori K., Ohta K. Monitoring of ULF geomagnetic variations associated with earthquakes. Sensors. 2007, vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 1108–1122. DOI: 10.3390/s7071108.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B28">
    <label>28.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Савин М.Г. Никифоров В.М., Харитонов В.М. Об аномалиях вертикальной электрической компоненты магнитотеллурического поля на Северном Сахалине. Физика Земли. 1991, № 2, с. 100–108.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaufman A.A., Keller G.V. The magnetotelluric sounding method. Elsevier Science. 1981, New York, 595 p.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B29">
    <label>29.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Савин М.Г., Израильский Ю.Г. Новые возможности модели Четаева, Солнечно-земная физика. 2016, т. 2, № 2, с. 86–92, DOI: 10.12737/13465 / Savin M.G., Izrailsky Yu.G. New possibilities of the Chetaev model. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 2016, vol. 2, iss. 2, pp. 86–92. DOI: 10.12737/13465.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kivelson M.G., Southwood D.J. Coupling of global magnetospheric MHD eigenmodes to field line resonances. J. Geophys. Res. 1986, vol. 91, p. 4345.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B30">
    <label>30.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федоров Е.Н., Мазур Н.Г., Пилипенко В.А. Электромагнитные поля в верхней ионосфере от горизонтального КНЧ наземного излучателя конечной длины. Изв. вузов. Радиофизика. 2022, т. 65, № 9, с. 697–712. DOI: 10.52452/00213462_2022_65_09_697.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kotik D.S., Ryabov A.V., Ermakova E.N., et al. Properties of ULF/VLF signals generated by the SURA installation in the upper ionosphere. Izvestiya vuzov. Radiofizika [Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics]. 2013, vol. 56, iss. 6, pp. 382–394.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B31">
    <label>31.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Четаев Д.Н. Дирекционный анализ магнитотеллурических наблюдений. М.: ИФЗ АН СССР, 1985, 228 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krylov A.L., Lifshits A.E., Fedorov E.N. On the resonance properties of the magnetosphere. Izvestiya RAS Physics of the Solid Earth. 1981, iss. 6, p. 49.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B32">
    <label>32.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alperovich L.S., Fedorov E.N. Hydromagnetic waves in the magnetosphere and the ionosphere. Astrophys. Space Sci. Library. 2007, vol. 353, Springer, Berlin, 418 p.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurchashov Yu.P., Nikomarov Ya.S., Pilipenko V.A., Best A. Local meridional structure of mid-latitude geomagnetic pulsations. Ann. Geophys. 1987, vol. 5A, p.147.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B33">
    <label>33.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baransky L.N., Borovkov Yu.E., Gokhberg M.B., et al. High resolution method of direct measurement of the magnetic field line’s eigen frequencies. Planet. Space Sci. 1985, vol. 33, iss. 12, pp. 1369–1374. DOI: 10.1016/0032-0633(85)90112-6.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loseva T.V., Kuzmicheva M.Yu., Spivak A.A. Electric and magnetic signals during constrained movements of crustal blocks. Rep. Russian Academy of Sciences. 2010, vol. 432, no. 5, pp. 685–688.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B34">
    <label>34.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baransky L.N., Belokris S.P., Borovkov Yu.E., Green C.A. Two simple methods for the determination of the resonance frequencies of magnetic field lines. Planet. Space Sci. 1990, vol. 38, no. 12, pp. 1573–1576. DOI: 10.1016/0032-0633(90)90163-k.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mazur N.G., Fedorov E.N., Pilipenko V.A., Borovleva K.E. Electromagnetic ULF fields on the Earth’s surface and in the ionosphere from an underground seismic source. Izvestiya RAS. Physics of the Solid Earth. 2024, iss. 2, pp. 59–71. DOI: 10.31857/S0002333724020058.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B35">
    <label>35.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eliasson B., Chang C.-L., Papadopoulos K.J. Generation of ELF and ULF electromagnetic waves by modulated heating of the ionospheric F2 region. J. Geophys. Res. 2012, vol. 117, art. no. A10320. DOI: 10.1029/2012JA017935.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Menk F.W., Waters C.L. Magnetoseismology: Ground-based remote sensing of Earth’s magnetosphere. 2013, p. 271.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B36">
    <label>36.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ermakova E.N., Kotik D.S., Polyakov S.V., et al. A power line as a tunable ULF-wave radiator: Properties of artificial signal at distances of 200 to 1000 km. J. Geophys. Res. 2006, vol. 111, A04305. DOI: 10.1029/2005JA011420.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murphy B.S., Egbert G.D. Source biases in midlatitude magnetotelluric transfer functions due to Pc3‑4 geomagnetic pulsations. Earth, Planets and Space. 2018, vol. 70, no. 12. DOI: 10.1186/s40623-018-0781-0.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B37">
    <label>37.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Freund F.T., Heraud J.A., Centa V.A., Scoville J. Mechanism of unipolar electromagnetic pulses emitted from the hypocenters of impending earthquakes. The European Physical Journal Special Topics. 2021, vol. 230, pp. 47–65. DOI: 10.1140/epjst/e2020-000244-4.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pilipenko V.A., Fedorov E.N. Magnetotelluric sounding of the crust and hydromagnetic monitoring of the magnetosphere with the use of ULF waves. Ann. Geofisic. 1993, vol. 36, no. 5-6, pp. 19–33.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B38">
    <label>38.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Green A.W., Worthington E.W., Baransky L.N., et al. Alfven field line resonances at low latitudes (L=1.5). J. Geophys. Res. 1993, vol. 98, pp. 15693–15699. DOI: 10.1029/93ja00644.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pilipenko V.A., Povzner T.A., Savin I.V., Nikomarov Ya.N. Local spatial structure of the geomagnetic pulsation field at midlatitudes. Izvestiya AN SSSR Physics of the Solid Earth. 1988, no. 10, pp. 54–61.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B39">
    <label>39.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guglielmi A.V. Diagnostics of the plasma in the magnetosphere by means of measurement of spectrum of Alfven oscillations. Planet. Space Sci. 1989, vol. 37, iss. 8, pp. 1011–012. DOI: 10.1016/0032-0633(89)90055-X.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pilipenko V., Vellante M., Anisimov S., et al. Multi-component ground-based observation of ULF waves: goals and methods. Ann. Geofis. 1998, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 63–77.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B40">
    <label>40.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guo Z., Fang H., Honary F. The generation of ULF/ELF/VLF waves in the ionosphere by modulated heating. Universe. 2021, vol. 7? no. 2, p. 29. DOI: 10.3390/universe7020029.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pilipenko V.A., Fedorov E.N., Martines-Bedenko V.A., Bering E.A. Electric mode excitation in the atmosphere by magnetospheric impulses and ULF waves. Frontiers in Earth Science. 2021, vol. 8, p. 87.  DOI: 10.3389/feart.2020.619227.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B41">
    <label>41.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hayakawa M., Hattori K., Ohta K. Monitoring of ULF geomagnetic variations associated with earthquakes. Sensors. 2007, vol. 7(7), pp. 1108–1122. DOI: 10.3390/s7071108.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pilipenko V.A., Pozdnyakova D.D., Savelyeva N.V. Ultra-low-frequency waves in space and on Earth. International J. Humanities and Natural Sci. 2024a, vol. 96, no. 9-3, pp. 163–205. (In Russian). DOI: 10.24412/2500-1000-2024-9-3-163-205.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B42">
    <label>42.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaufman A.A., Keller G.V. The magnetotelluric sounding method. Elsevier Science. 1981, New York, 595 p.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pilipenko V.A., Mazur N.G., Fedorov E.N., Shevtsov A.N. On the possibility of experiments on the excitation of artificial ultra-low-frequency radiation in the ionosphere by the FENICS installation on the Kola Peninsula. Bull. RAS. Phys. Series. 2024b, vol. 88, iss. 3, pp. 392–400.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B43">
    <label>43.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kivelson M.G., Southwood D.J. Coupling of global magnetospheric MHD eigenmodes to field line resonances. J. Geophys. Res. 1986, vol. 91, p. 4345.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pilipenko V.A., Mazur N.G., Fedorov E.N. Discrimination of ULF signals from an underground seismogenic current. Earth, Planets and Space. 2024c, vol. 76, no. 118. DOI: 10.1186/s40623-024-02058-9.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B44">
    <label>44.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurchashov Yu.P., Nikomarov Ya.S., Pilipenko V.A., Best A. Local meridional structure of mid-latitude geomagnetic pulsations. Ann. Geophys. 1987, vol. 5A, p.147.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pilipenko V.A., Ermakova E.N., Potapov A.S., et al. Excitation of global artificial Pc1 signals during FENICS-2024 experiment: 1. Observations. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 2025, vol. 11, iss. 2, pp. 111–118. DOI: 10.12737/stp-112202511.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B45">
    <label>45.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Menk F.W., Waters C.L. Magnetoseismology: Ground-based remote sensing of earth’s magnetosphere. 2013, p. 271.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savin M.G., Nikiforov V.M., Kharitonov V.M. On anomalies of the vertical electric component of the magnetotelluric field in Northern Sakhalin, Physics of the Solid Earth. 1991, no. 2, pp. 100–108.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B46">
    <label>46.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Murphy B.S., Egbert G.D. Source biases in midlatitude magnetotelluric transfer functions due to Pc3‑4 geomagnetic pulsations. Earth, Planets and Space. 2018, vol. 70, no. 12. DOI: 10.1186/s40623-018-0781-0.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savin M.G., Izrailsky Yu.G. New possibilities of the Chetaev model. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 2016, vol. 2, iss. 2, pp. 86–92. DOI: 10.12737/13465.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B47">
    <label>47.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pilipenko V.A., Fedorov E.N. Magnetotelluric sounding of the crust and hydromagnetic monitoring of the magnetosphere with the use of ULF waves. Ann. Geofisic. 1993, vol. 36, no. 5-6, pp. 19–33.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Southwood D.J. Some features of field line resonances in the magnetosphere. Planet. Space Sci. 1974, vol. 22, p. 483.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B48">
    <label>48.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pilipenko V., Vellante M., Anisimov S., et al. Multi-component ground-based observation of ULF waves: goals and methods. Ann. Geofisica. 1998, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 63–77.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Southwood D.J., Hughes W.J. Source induced vertical components in geomagnetic pulsation signals. Planet. Space Sci. 1978, vol. 26, pp. 715–720.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B49">
    <label>49.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pilipenko V.А., Fedorov E.N., Martines-Bedenko V.А., Bering E.A. Electric mode excitation in the atmosphere by magnetospheric impulses and ULF waves, Frontiers in Earth Science. 2021, vol. 8, pp. 687. DOI: 10.3389/feart.2020.619227.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Su B., Wang Y., Cao Q. Simulation of WEM using ELF modeling of local area and modified UPML. ISAPE2012, 2012, pp. 983–986. DOI: 10.1109/ISAPE.2012.6408939.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B50">
    <label>50.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pilipenko V.A., Mazur N.G., Fedorov E.N. Discrimination of ULF signals from an underground seismogenic current. Earth, Planets and Space. 2024, vol. 76, no. 118. DOI: 10.1186/s40623-024-02058-9.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vanyan L.L., Butkovskaya A.I. Magnetotelluric Sounding of Layered Media. Moscow: Nedra Publ., 1980. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B51">
    <label>51.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Southwood D.J. Some features of field line resonances in the magnetosphere. Planet. Space Sci. 1974, vol. 22, p. 483.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Velikhov E.P., Zhamaletdinov A.A., Sobchakov L.A., et al. Experience of frequency electromagnetic sounding of the earth’s crust using a powerful ULF antenna. Doklady RAS. 1994, vol. 338, no. 1, pp. 106–109.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B52">
    <label>52.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Southwood D.J., Hughes W.J. Source induced vertical components in geomagnetic pulsation signals. Planet. Space Sci. 1978, vol. 26, pp. 715–720.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vellante M., Villante U., De Lauretis M., et al. Simultaneous geomagnetic pulsation observations at two latitudes: resonant mode characteristics. Ann. Geophys. 1993, vol. 11, pp. 734–741.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B53">
    <label>53.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Su B., Wang Y., Cao Q. Simulation of WEM using ELF modeling of local area and modified UPML. ISAPE2012, 2012, pp. 983–986. DOI: 10.1109/ISAPE.2012.6408939.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wait J.R. Geoelectromagnetism. Academic Press, 1982.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B54">
    <label>54.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vellante M., Villante U., De Lauretis M., et al. Simultaneous geomagnetic pulsation observations at two latitudes: resonant mode characteristics. Ann. Geophys. 1993, vol. 11, pp. 734–741.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhamaletdinov A.A., Shevtsov A.N., Velikhov E.P., et al. Study of interaction of electromagnetic waves of the ELF-ULF range (0.1–200 Hz) with the earth’s crust and ionosphere in the field of industrial power transmission lines (experiment “FENICS”). Geophysical Processes and Biosphere. 2015, vol. 14, iss. 2, pp. 5–49.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B55">
    <label>55.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wait J.R., Geoelectromagnetism. Academic Press, 1982.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao G.Z, Bi Y.X., Wang L.F., et al. Advances in alternating electromagnetic field data processing for earthquake monitoring in China. Science China Earth Sciences. 2015, vol. 58, no. 2, pp.172–182. DOI: 10.1007/s11430-014-5012-3.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B56">
    <label>56.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao G.Z, Bi Y.X., Wang L.F., et al. Advances in alternating electromagnetic field data processing for earthquake monitoring in China. Science China Earth Sciences. 2015, vol. 58, no. 2, pp.172–182. DOI: 10.1007/s11430-014-5012-3.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zybin K.Yu., Krylov S.M., Lependin V.P., et al. On the vertical electrical strength of the field of geomagnetic pulsations.  Proc. Academy of Sciences of USSR. 1974, vol. 218, iss. 4, pp. 828–829. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B57">
    <label>57.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">URL: http://irimodel.org (дата обращения 3 мая 2025 г.).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">URL: http://irimodel.org (accessed May 3, 2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
