This paper describes how the law can protect the rights and freedoms of a child if he or she is in danger from trafficking and exploitation of children. These acts pose a danger to both society and the entire state, so it is necessary to improve measures to protect the younger generation. The purpose of the work is to define the concept of "law", to consider what constitutes trafficking and exploitation of children, including cases of sexual exploitation, forced labor, illegal adoption, organ harvesting, as well as to identify measures to combat these illegal acts. The research solves the following tasks: it examines the legal framework that regulates this issue and is aimed at protecting children's rights from violence and exploitation, provides countries where such actions are common, mentions examples of child trafficking in our days, examines the causes and factors that contribute to the spread of trafficking and exploitation of children. Special attention is paid to the regulatory framework and the analysis of individual articles. In particular, these are various UN Conventions, regional agreements, as well as the legislation of the Russian Federation. Statistics on child trafficking are provided. The study showed that child trafficking is not only a serious crime against the personality and rights of a child, but also a threat to the security and development of society as a whole. Combating this phenomenon requires an integrated approach, including effective legislation and international cooperation.