Solar-Terrestrial Physics Solar-Terrestrial Physics Solar-Terrestrial Physics 2500-0535 109125 10.12737/stp-114202508 Results of current research Results of current research Results of current research Influence of clouds on spatial distribution of conductivity in the atmosphere Influence of clouds on spatial distribution of conductivity in the atmosphere Денисенко Валерий Васильевич Denisenko Valery Vasilyevich denisen@icm.krasn.ru

доктор физико-математических наук;

doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;

 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0479-4488 Розанов Евгений Владимирович Rozanov Eugene Vladimirovich

доктор физико-математических наук;

doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;

 Институт вычислительного моделирования СО РАН Красноярск Россия Institute of Computational Modelling RAS SB Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет Россия Saint Petersburg State University Russian Federation Davos Physics and Meteorological Observatory/World Radiation Center (PMOD/WRC) Россия Davos Physics and Meteorological Observatory/World Radiation Center (PMOD/WRC) Russian Federation 10 12 2025 10 12 2025 11 4 72 82 19 05 2025 19 08 2025 https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/109125/view

In the paper, we examine the atmospheric part of the global electric circuit. When studying large-scale currents in the atmosphere flowing from the ionosphere to the ground, the ionosphere and Earth’s surface can be considered as ideal conductors with high accuracy. These currents are determined by the ground-ionosphere voltage and the spatial distribution of conductivity in the atmosphere. We employ a one-dimensional model of atmospheric electric fields and currents in which currents are assumed to be nearly vertical. Then it is possible to reduce the spatial distribution of conductivity to longitude and latitude distribution of conductivity of atmospheric columns. By integrating the conductivity over the entire Earth surface, we obtain the total conductivity of the atmosphere. Inside clouds, air conductivity decreases due to the ion attachment to water drops. Using available data on decrease in local conductivity within individual clouds, we analyze the effect of cloud density in latitude, longitude, and height on geographical distribution of conductivity and total conductivity of the atmosphere. By the example of 2009, it is shown that cloudiness reduces the total conductivity of the atmosphere by 20 %. Its variations during the day and year are so small that the model fair-weather electric field varies only by 2 % due to cloudiness. Judging by the results obtained, the influence of clouds on atmospheric conductivity does not explain the diurnal and seasonal cycles of the fair-weather electric field strength (Carnegie diagram).

In the paper, we examine the atmospheric part of the global electric circuit. When studying large-scale currents in the atmosphere flowing from the ionosphere to the ground, the ionosphere and Earth’s surface can be considered as ideal conductors with high accuracy. These currents are determined by the ground-ionosphere voltage and the spatial distribution of conductivity in the atmosphere. We employ a one-dimensional model of atmospheric electric fields and currents in which currents are assumed to be nearly vertical. Then it is possible to reduce the spatial distribution of conductivity to longitude and latitude distribution of conductivity of atmospheric columns. By integrating the conductivity over the entire Earth surface, we obtain the total conductivity of the atmosphere. Inside clouds, air conductivity decreases due to the ion attachment to water drops. Using available data on decrease in local conductivity within individual clouds, we analyze the effect of cloud density in latitude, longitude, and height on geographical distribution of conductivity and total conductivity of the atmosphere. By the example of 2009, it is shown that cloudiness reduces the total conductivity of the atmosphere by 20 %. Its variations during the day and year are so small that the model fair-weather electric field varies only by 2 % due to cloudiness. Judging by the results obtained, the influence of clouds on atmospheric conductivity does not explain the diurnal and seasonal cycles of the fair-weather electric field strength (Carnegie diagram).

 atmospheric currents electric field UT variation global electric circuit atmospheric currents electric field UT variation global electric circuit The mathematical part of the work was supported by the Krasnoyarsk Mathematical Center, funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation as part of activities on establishment and development of regional Centers for Mathematics Research and Education (Agreement 075-02-2025-1606). Rozanov E. acknowledges the support for the geophysical part of the work from St. Petersburg State University (Grant No. 124032000025-1) The mathematical part of the work was supported by the Krasnoyarsk Mathematical Center, funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation as part of activities on establishment and development of regional Centers for Mathematics Research and Education (Agreement 075-02-2025-1606). Rozanov E. acknowledges the support for the geophysical part of the work from St. Petersburg State University (Grant No. 124032000025-1)

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