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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Political Research</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Political Research</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Журнал политических исследований</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2587-6295</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">105666</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/2587-6295-2025-9-3-173-184</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Международные отношения</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>International relationships</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Международные отношения</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">The impact of EU sanctions measures on the level of political support for the ruling and opposition forces in Iran  in the period from 2004 to 2024</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Влияние санкционных мер ЕС на уровень политической поддержки правящих и оппозиционных сил в Иране  в период с 2004 по 2024 г.</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Андерс</surname>
       <given-names>В. </given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Anders</surname>
       <given-names>W. </given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>vanders@stud.kantiana.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Балтийский федеральный университет им. Иммануила Канта</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-25T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>09</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-25T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>09</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>9</volume>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>173</fpage>
   <lpage>184</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-18T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>18</day>
     <month>07</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-08-04T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>04</day>
     <month>08</month>
     <year>2024</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/105666/view">https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/105666/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Целью настоящей работы является исследование влияния ограничительных мер Европейского союза на уровень политической поддержки правящих и оппозиционных сил в Исламской Республике Иран в качестве адресата санкционного воздействия, определение степени зависимости этой поддержки, а также уровня явки на парламентских и президентских выборах, возможных причин и особенностей проявления названого влияния в данной стране. Методологическим подходом при проведении исследования последствий описанных процессов и их взаимосвязей будет выступать процессный подход. Методом автор избрал факторный анализ, позволяющий выявить скрытые связи между рассматриваемыми переменными путем сопоставления изменения уровня санкционного давления с результатами всех парламентских и президентских выборов за период с 2004 по 2024 г. После сбора соответствующих данных по стране строится факторная модель и проводится регрессионный анализ. По результатам проведенного исследования автором делается вывод, что санкции действительно могут оказывать влияние на политическую динамику в стране-адресате санкций, однако характер этой связи неоднозначен. Санкции могут приводить к росту поддержки правящих элит за счет консолидации вокруг лидера и восприятия внешней угрозы. Практическая значимость работы заключается в возможности применения ее выводов и результатов в сферах политического планирования и стратегического прогнозирования. Результаты исследования могут быть полезны для государственных структур и институтов,  а также негосударственных акторов, заинтересованных в анализе действенности санкционных мер и их последствий. Теоретическая значимость работы заключается в возможности получения более глубокого теоретического понимания механизмов и взаимосвязей в области применения санкций, как альтернативного способа принуждения и инструмента оказания воздействия.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The purpose of this work is to study the impact of restrictive measures of the European Union  on the level of political support for the ruling and opposition forces in the Islamic Republic of Iran  as sanctioned country, to analyze the dependence of this support, as well as the level of turnout  in parliamentary and presidential elections, possible causes and features of the manifestation  of this influence in this country. The methodological approach in conducting the study  of the consequences of the described processes and their interrelations will be the process approach. The author chose factor analysis as the method, which makes it possible to identify hidden interrelations between the variables under consideration by comparing changes in the level  of sanctions pressure with the results of all parliamentary and presidential elections from 2004  to 2024. After collecting the relevant data for the case country, a factor model is built and a regression analysis is performed. Based on the results of the study, the author concludes that sanctions can indeed have an impact on the political dynamics in the target country, but the nature of this relationship  is ambiguous. Sanctions can lead to increased support for the ruling elites by consolidating around the leader and perceiving an external threat. The practical significance of the work lies  in the possibility of applying its conclusions and results in the fields of political planning and strategic forecasting. The results of the study can be useful for government agencies and institutions, as well as non-state actors interested in analyzing the effectiveness of sanctions measures and their consequences. The theoretical significance of the work lies in the possibility of obtaining a deeper theoretical understanding of the mechanisms and relationships in the application of sanctions as an alternative method of coercion and an instrument of influence.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>Европейский союз</kwd>
    <kwd>Иран</kwd>
    <kwd>санкционная политика</kwd>
    <kwd>международные отношения</kwd>
    <kwd>санкционное воздействие</kwd>
    <kwd>политическая поддержка</kwd>
    <kwd>эффективность ограничительных мер</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>European Union</kwd>
    <kwd>Iran</kwd>
    <kwd>sanctions policy</kwd>
    <kwd>international relations</kwd>
    <kwd>sanctions impact</kwd>
    <kwd>political support</kwd>
    <kwd>effectiveness of restrictive measures</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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