<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Солнечно-земная физика</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2712-9640</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">100199</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/szf-112202510</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Результаты  исследований</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Results of current research</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Результаты  исследований</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Experimental distributed network of VLF receivers for thunderstorm activity monitoring in the Baikal Natural Territory</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Экспериментальная распределенная сеть ОНЧ-приемников для мониторинга грозовой активности на Байкальской природной территории</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Ткачев</surname>
       <given-names>Иван Дмитриевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Tkachev</surname>
       <given-names>Ivan Dmitrievich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>tid007@iszf.irk.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8758-7964</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Васильев</surname>
       <given-names>Роман Валерьевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Vasilyev</surname>
       <given-names>Roman Valeryevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>roman_vasilyev@iszf.irk.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Зоркальцева</surname>
       <given-names>Ольга Сергеевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Zorkaltseva</surname>
       <given-names>Olga Sergeevna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>olgak@iszf.irk.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Полетаев</surname>
       <given-names>Александр Сергеевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Poletaev</surname>
       <given-names>Alexandr Sergeevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>poletaevas@ex.istu.edu</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Ченский</surname>
       <given-names>Александр Геннадьевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Chensky</surname>
       <given-names>Alexandr Gennadyevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>zavmts@ex.istu.edu</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Васильев</surname>
       <given-names>Константин Максимович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Vasiliev</surname>
       <given-names>Konstantin Maksimovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>vasilevkm@iszf.irk.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Салимгореев</surname>
       <given-names>Ренат Равилевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Salimgoreev</surname>
       <given-names>Renat Ravilevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>salimgoreev.renat@gmail.com</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН</institution>
     <city>Иркутск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Solar Terrestrial Physics SB RAS</institution>
     <city>Irkutsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН</institution>
     <city>Иркутск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS</institution>
     <city>Irkutsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН</institution>
     <city>Иркутск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Solar Terrestrial Physics SB RAS</institution>
     <city>Irkutsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Иркутский национальный исследовательский технический университет</institution>
     <city>Irkutsk</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Irkutsk State Technical University</institution>
     <city>Irkutsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН</institution>
     <city>Иркутск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS</institution>
     <city>Irkutsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-6">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Иркутский государственный университет</institution>
     <city>Иркутск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Irkutsk State University</institution>
     <city>Irkutsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-26T16:59:24+03:00">
    <day>26</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-26T16:59:24+03:00">
    <day>26</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>11</volume>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <fpage>112</fpage>
   <lpage>123</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-14T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>14</day>
     <month>02</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-04-09T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>09</day>
     <month>04</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/100199/view">https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/100199/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>В статье представлено текущее состояние развернутой на территории Иркутской области и Республики Бурятия грозопеленгационной сети, в состав которой входят четыре пункта. Объединены результаты, полученные во время нескольких этапов проекта «Фундаментальные основы, методы и технологии цифрового мониторинга и прогнозирования экологической обстановки Байкальской природной территории». Дана схема используемого ОНЧ-приемника. Подробно описан процесс обработки данных, особенности некоторых алгоритмов и обоснование их выбора. При создании алгоритмов обработки и их дальнейшей модернизации стало возможным получение карт молниевых разрядов с периодом несколько минут. Приведены промежуточные результаты работы сети, показана карта распределения молниевых разрядов и даны рекомендации по ее дальнейшему развитию и модернизации.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The paper describes the current state of the lightning location network deployed in the Irkutsk Region and the Republic of Buryatia, which includes four stations. It is based on the results obtained during several stages of the project “Fundamental principles, methods, and technologies for digital monitoring and forecasting of environmental situation of the Baikal Natural Territory”. We present a diagram of the VLF receiver in use. Data processing, features of some algorithms, and the rationale for their choice are described in detail. Developing processing algorithms and further upgrading them have provided lightning discharge maps with a period of several minutes. We present intermediate results of the network operation, a lightning discharge distribution map and give recommendations for further developing and upgrading the lightning location network.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>грозопеленгационные сети</kwd>
    <kwd>ОНЧ-приемник</kwd>
    <kwd>молниевые разряды</kwd>
    <kwd>атмосферное электричество</kwd>
    <kwd>мониторинг грозовой активности</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>lightning location networks</kwd>
    <kwd>VLF receiver</kwd>
    <kwd>lightning discharges</kwd>
    <kwd>atmospheric electricity</kwd>
    <kwd>thunderstorm activity monitoring</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Минобрнауки России (субсидия № 075-ГЗ/С3569/278)</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was financially supported of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Subsidy No. 075-GZ/C3569/278)</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аджиев А.Х., Стасенко В.Н., Тапасханов В.О. Система грозопеленгации на Северном Кавказе. Метеорология и гидрология. 2013, № 1, с. 2–11.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adzhiev A.Kh., Stasenko V.N., Tapaskhanov V.O. Lightning detection system in the North Caucasus. Meteorologiya i gidrologiya [Meteorology and Hydrology]. 2013, no. 1, pp. 2–11. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бычков И.В., Гладкочуб Д.П., Ружников Г.М. Фундаментальные основы, методы и технологии цифрового мониторинга и прогнозирования экологической обстановки Байкальской природной территории. Российская Академия наук Сибирское отделение Институт динамики систем и теории управления им. В.М. Матросова. Интеграционные проекты СО РАН. Новосибирск. 2022, т. 48, 345 с. DOI: 10.53954/9785604788943.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bychkov I.V., Gladkochub D.P., Ruzhnikov G.M. Fundamental principles, methods and technologies of digital monitoring and forecasting of the environmental situation in the Baikal natural territory. Russian Academy of Sciences. Siberian Branch. Matrosov Institute of System Dynamics and Control Theory. Integration projects of SB RAS. Novosibirsk, 2022, vol. 48, 345 p. DOI: 10.53954/9785604788943. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васильев Р.В., Тащилин М.А., Татарников А.В. Сопоставление динамики термальных точек и зарегистрированных лесных пожаров с динамикой молниевых разрядов на Байкальской природной территории. Вычислительные технологии. 2023, т. 28, № 6, с. 37–45. DOI: 10.25743/ICT.2023.28.6.004.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Z., Qie X., Sun J., Xiao X., Zhang Y., Cao D., Yang J. Evaluation of Fengyun-4A Lightning Mapping Imager (LMI) performance during multiple convective episodes over Beijing. Remote Sens. 2021, vol. 13, no. 9, 1746. DOI: 10.3390/ rs13091746.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Горлова И.Д. Изучение грозовой активности средствами космического и наземного базирования. Проблемы военно-прикладной геофизики и контроля состояния природной среды: Материалы VI Всероссийской научной конференции. Санкт-Петербург: Военно-космическая академия им. А.Ф. Можайского. 2020, с. 211–213.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cummins K.L., Krider E.P., Malone M.D. The US National Lightning Detection Network TM and applications of cloud-to-ground lightning data by electric power utilities. IEEE Transactions Electromagnetic Compatibility. 1998, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 465–480. DOI: 10.1109/15.736207.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каранина С.Ю., Кочеева Н.А., Каранин А.В. Пространственное и временное распределение молниевых разрядов по территории Алтае-Саянского региона. Известия высших учебных заведений. Северо-Кавказский регион. Естественные науки. 2017, № 4-1 (196), с. 128–138. DOI: 10.23683/0321-3005-2017-4-1-128-138.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dillinger M., Madani K., Alonistioti N. Software defined radio: architectures, systems, and functions. Wiley. 2003, 454 p.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Козлов В.И., Маркова А.Ю., Шабаганова С.Н. Погрешности методов наблюдения грозовых разрядов одно- и двухпунктовыми системами грозолокации. Наука и образование. 2010, № 1, с. 7–12.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dowden R.L., Brundell J.B., Rodger C.J. VLF lightning location by time of group arrival (TOGA) at multiple sites. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2002, vol. 64, no. 7, pp. 817–830. DOI: 10.1016/S1364-6826(02)00085-8.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Козлов В.И., Тарабукина Л.Д., Васильев А.А. Развитие системы грозопеленгации в Якутии. Материалы IX Всероссийской научной конференции по атмосферному электричеству: Военно-космическая академия им. А.Ф. Можайского. Санкт-Петербург. 2023, с. 278–287.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Filippov A.Kh. Grozy Vostochnoj Sibiri [Thunderstorms in Eastern Siberia]. Leningrad, Hydrometeoizdat Publ., 1974, 75 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кононов И.И., Петренко И.А., Снегуров В.С. Радиотехнические методы местоопределения грозовых очагов. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1986, 220 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorlova I.D. Study of thunderstorm activity by means of space and ground-based means. Problems of military applied geophysics and monitoring of the state of the natural environment: Proc. VI All-Russian Scientific Conference. St. Petersburg: A.F. Mozhaisky Military Space Academy, 2020, pp. 211–213. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Московенко В.М., Знаменщиков Б.П., Золотарев С.В. Применение системы грозопеленгации «Верея-МР» в интересах электроэнергетики России. Новое в российской электроэнергетике. 2012, № 2, с. 15–23.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hersbach H., Bell B., Berrisford P., Hirahara S., Horányi A., Muñoz-Sabater J., Nicolas J., et al. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Quarterly J. Royal Meteorological Soc. 2020, vol. 146, pp. 1999–2049. DOI: 10.1002/qj.3803.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нечепуренко О.Е., Горбатенко В.П., Пустовалов К.Н., Громова А.В. Грозовая активность над Западной Сибирью. Геосферные исследования. 2022, № 4, с. 123–134. DOI: 10.17223/25421379/25/8.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karanina S.Yu., Kocheeva N.A., Karanin A.V. Spatial and temporal distribution of lightning discharges on the territory of the Altai-Sayan region. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Severo-Kavkazskii region. Estestvennye nauki [News of Higher Educational Institutions. North Caucasian Region. Natural Sciences], 2017, no. 4-1 (196), pp. 128–138. DOI: 10.23683/0321-3005-2017-4-1-128-138. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сарафанов Ф.Г., Шаталина М.В., Шлюгаев Ю.В., Мареев Е.А. Современные системы локации молний: глобальные и региональные аспекты. Фундаментальная и прикладная климатология. 2024, т. 10, № 1, с. 76–92. DOI: 10.21513/2410-8758-2024-1-76-92.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kononov I.I., Petrenko I.A., Snegurov V.S. Radiotekhnicheskie metody mestoopredeleniya grozovykh ochagov [Radiotechnical Methods for Locating Thunderstorm Centers]. Leningrad, Hydrometeoizdat Publ., 1986, 220 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Селиванов В.Н., Бурцев А.В., Ивонин В.Н., Колобов В.В. Анализ молниевой активности в Мурманской области в 2021 году. Труды Кольского научного центра РАН. Серия: Технические науки. 2022, т. 13, № 3, с. 59–67. DOI: 10.37614/2949-1215.2022.13.3.006.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kozlov V.I., Markova A.Yu., Shabaganova S.N. Errors in methods of observing lightning discharges using one- and two-point lightning detection systems. Nauka i obrazovanie [Science and Education], 2010, no. 1, pp. 7–12. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тарабукина Л.Д., Козлов В.И. Сравнение измерений нескольких систем регистрации молниевых радиоимпульсов. Вестник СВФУ. 2018, т. 64, № 2, с. 77–86.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kozlov V.I., Tarabukina L.D., Vasiliev A.A. Development of lightning detection system in Yakutia. Materialy IX Vserossiiskoi nauchnoi konferencii po atmosfernomu elektrichestvu: Voenno-kosmicheskaya akademiya imeni A.F. Mozhajskogo. Sankt-Peterburg [Proc. IX All-Russian Scientific Conference on Atmospheric Electricity: A.F. Mozhaisky Military Space Academy. St. Petersburg]. 2023, pp. 278–287. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ткачев И.Д., Васильев Р.В., Белоусова Е.П. Кластерный анализ молниевых разрядов по данным грозопеленгационной сети «Верея-МР». Солнечно-земная физика. 2021, т. 7, № 4, с. 92–99. DOI: 10.12737/szf-74202109 / Tkachev I.D., Vasilyev R.V., Belousova E.P. Cluster analysis of lightning discharges: Based on Vereya-MR network data. Solar-Terrestrial Physics. 2021, vol. 7, iss. 4, pp. 85–92. DOI: 10.12737/stp-74202109.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lay E.H., Holzworth R.H., Rodger C.J., Thomas J.N., Pinto O.Jr., Dowden R.L. WWLL global lightning detection system: Regional validation study in Brazil. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2004, vol. 31, L03102. DOI: 10.1029/2003GL018882.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Филиппов А.Х. Грозы Восточной Сибири. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1974, 75 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moskovenko V.M., Znamenshhikov B.P., Zolotarev S.V. Application of the Vereya-MR lightning-direction finding system in the interests of the Russian electric power industry. Novoe v rossiiskoi elektroenergetike [New in the Russian Power Industry], 2012, no. 2, pp. 15–23. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B16">
    <label>16.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Z., Qie X., Sun J., et al. Evaluation of Fengyun-4A Lightning Mapping Imager (LMI) Performance during Multiple Convective Episodes over Beijing. Remote Sens. 2021, vol. 13, no. 9, 1746. DOI: 10.3390/rs13091746.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naccarato K.P., Pinto O.Jr., Garcia S.A.M., Murphy J.M., Demetriades N.W.S., Cramer J.A. Validation of the new GLD360 dataset in Brazil: First results. Preprints. International Lightning Detection Conference. Vaisala. 2010, pp. 1–6.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B17">
    <label>17.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cummins K.L., Krider E.P., Malone M.D. The U.S. National Lightning Detection NetworkTM and applications of Cloud-to-Ground lightning data by electric power utilities. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility. 1998, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 465–480. DOI: 10.1109/15.736207.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nechepurenko O.E., Gorbatenko V.P., Pustovalov K.N., Gromova A.V. Thunderstorm activity over Western Siberia. Geosfernye issledovaniya [Geospheric Research], 2022, no. 4, pp. 123–134. DOI: 10.17223/25421379/25/8. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B18">
    <label>18.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dillinger М., Madani K., Alonistioti N. Software defined radio: architectures, systems, and functions. Wiley. 2003, 454 p.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orville R.E., Huffines G.R., Burrows W.R., Holle R.L., Cummins K.L. The North American Lightning Detection Network (NALDN) — First results: 1998–2000. Monthly Weather Review. 2002, vol. 130, no. 8, pp. 2098–2109. DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130&lt;2098:TNALDN&gt;2.0. CO;2.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B19">
    <label>19.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dowden R.L., Brundell J.B., Rodger C.J. VLF lightning location by time of group arrival (TOGA) at multiple sites. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2002, vol. 64, no. 7, pp. 817–830. DOI: 10.1016/S1364-6826(02)00085-8.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Proctor D.E. A hyperbolic system for obtaining VHF radio pictures of lightning. J. Geophys. Res. 1971, vol. 76, no. 6, pp. 1478–1489. DOI: 10.1029/JC076i006p01478.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B20">
    <label>20.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hersbach H., Bell B., Berrisford P., et al. The ERA5 Global Reanalysis. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 2020, vol. 146, pp. 1999–2049. DOI: 10.1002/qj.3803.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qie X., Yuan S., Chen Z., Wang D.,  Liu D.,  Sun M., et al. Understanding the dynamical-microphysical-electrical processes associated with severe thunderstorms 535 over the Beijing metropolitan region. Science China Earth Sciences. 2020, vol. 64, pp. 10–26. DOI: 10.1007/s11430-020-9656-8.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B21">
    <label>21.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lay E.H., Holzworth R.H., Rodger C.J., et al. WWLL global lightning detection system: Regional validation study in Brazil. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2004, vol. 31, L03102. DOI: 10.1029/2003GL018882.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sarafanov F.G., Shatalina M.V., Shlyugaev Yu.V., Mareev E.A. Modern lightning detection systems: global and regional aspects. Fundamentalnaya i prikladnaya klimatologiya [Fundamental and Applied Climatology]. 2024, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 76–92. DOI: 10.21513/2410-8758-2024-1-76-92. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B22">
    <label>22.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Naccarato K.P., Pinto O. Jr., Garcia S.A.M., et al. Validation of the new GLD360 dataset in Brazil: First results. Preprints. International Lightning Detection Conference. Vaisala. 2010, pp. 1–6.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Selivanov V.N., Burtsev A.V., Ivonin V.N., Kolobov V.V. Analysis of lightning activity in the Murmansk region in 2021. Trudy Kolskogo nauchnogo centra RAN. Seriya: Tekhnicheskienauki [Proc. of the Kola Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Series: Technical Sciences]. 2022, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 59–67. DOI: 10.37614/2949-1215.2022.13.3.006. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B23">
    <label>23.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orville R.E., Huffines G.R., Burrows W.R., et al. The North American lightning detection network (NALDN) — First results: 1998–2000. Monthly Weather Review. 2002, vol. 130, no. 8, pp. 2098–2109. DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(2002) 130&lt;2098:TNALDN&gt;2.0.CO;2.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takagi J., Kanazawa H., Ichikawa K., Mitamura H. A simple intuitive method for seeking intersections of hyperbolas for acoustic positioning biotelemetry. PLOS One. 2022, vol. 17, no. 11, e0276289. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276289.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B24">
    <label>24.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Proctor D.E. A hyperbolic system for obtaining VHF radio pictures of lightning. J. Geophys. Res. 1971, vol. 76, no. 6, pp. 1478–1489. DOI: 10.1029/JC076i006p01478.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tarabukina L.D., Kozlov V.I. Comparison of measurements of several lightning radio pulse recording systems. Vestnik SVFU [Vestnik of NEFU], 2018, vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 77–86. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B25">
    <label>25.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Qie X., Yuan S., Chen Z., et al. Understanding the dynamical-microphysical-electrical processes associated with severe thunderstorms 535 over the Beijing metropolitan region. Science China Earth Sciences. 2020, vol. 64, pp. 10–26. DOI: 10.1007/s11430-020-9656-8.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tkachev I.D., Vasilyev R.V., Belousova E.P. Cluster analysis of lightning discharges: Based on Vereya-MR network data. Solar-Terrestrial Physics. 2021, vol. 7, iss. 4, pp. 85–92. DOI: 10.12737/stp-74202109.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B26">
    <label>26.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takagi J., Kanazawa H., Ichikawa K., Mitamura H. A simple intuitive method for seeking intersections of hyperbolas for acoustic positioning biotelemetry. PLOS One. 2022, vol. 17, no. 11, e0276289. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276289.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uman M.A. The Lightning Discharge.International Geophysics Series. Orlando: Academic Press. 1987, vol. 39, 390 p.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B27">
    <label>27.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uman M.A. The Lightning Discharge.International Geophysics Series. Orlando: Academic Press. 1987, vol. 39, 390 p.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasilyev R.V., Tashchilin M.A., Tatarnikov A.V. Comparison of the dynamics of thermal points and registered forest fires with the dynamics of lightning discharges in the Baikal natural territory. Vychislitel’nyetekhnologii [Computingtechnologies]. 2023, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 37–45. DOI: 10.25743/ ICT.2023.28.6.004. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B28">
    <label>28.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang D., Cummins K.L., Lang T.J., et al. Performance evaluation of the Lightning Imaging Sensor on the International Space Station. J. Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology. 2023, vol. 40, pp. 1063–1082. DOI: 10.1175/JTECH-D-22-0120.1.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang D., Cummins K.L., Lang T.J., Buechler D., Rudlosky S. Performance evaluation of the lightning imaging sensor on the international space station. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology. 2023, vol. 40, pp. 1063–1082. DOI: 10.1175/JTECH-D-22-0120.1.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B29">
    <label>29.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">URL: https://www.blitzortung.org/ (дата обращения 12 декабря 2024 г.).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">URL: https://www.blitzortung.org/ (accessed December 12, 2024).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B30">
    <label>30.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">URL: https://www.eumetsat.int/features/animations-europes-first-lightning-imager (дата обращения 12 декабря 2024 г.).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">URL: https://www.eumetsat.int/features/animations-europes-first-lightning-imager (accessed December 12, 2024).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B31">
    <label>31.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">URL: https://meteoinfo.ru/mapsynop (дата обращения 12 декабря 2024 г.).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">URL: https://meteoinfo.ru/mapsynop (accessed December 12, 2024).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B32">
    <label>32.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">URL: http://www.alwes.ru (дата обращения 12 декабря 2024 г.).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">URL: http://www.alwes.ru (accessed December 12, 2024).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
